Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T23:53:33.283Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Influence of energy source and dietary protein degradability on the voluntary intake and digestibility of barley straw by pregnant beef cows

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. P. Alawa ,
G. Fishwick ,
J. J. Parkins ,
R. G. Hemingway  and
T. C. Aitchison
J. P. Alawa
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Department, Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH
G. Fishwick
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Department, Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH
J. J. Parkins
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Department, Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH
R. G. Hemingway
Affiliation:
Animal Husbandry Department, Veterinary School, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1QH
T. C. Aitchison
Affiliation:
Statistics Department, Glasgow University, Glasgow G61 1QH
Get access

Abstract

Three experiments, designed as three simultaneous 4 × 4 Latin squares (21-day feeding periods), were conducted using pregnant beef cows. Diets were based on barley straw given ad libitum together with 1·7 kg dry matter (DM) of either molassed sugar-beet pulp (MSBP) (experiment 1), unmolassed sugarbeet pulp (USBP) (experiment 2), or rolled barley (BARLEY) (experiment 3). In the respective experiments, MSBP, USBP and BARLEY were given either alone, to provide about 200 g crude protein (CP) per day (CONTROL) or were supplemented with urea (U), untreated soya-bean meal (SBM) or formaldehyde-treated soya-bean meal (FT-SBM) to provide a further 200 g CP per day. The contrasting dietary treatments in the three experiments provided intakes of rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ranging from 16 to 388 g/day.

All protein supplements improved overall straw DM intakes, the improvement being significant for U only (P < 0·01). A linear relationship between the daily intake of RDP (g) and straw DM (kg) was obtained. The regression equation was:

DM intake = 5·03 + 0·0035 × RDP (R2 = 0·703; residual s.d. 0·561; d.f. 35; P < 0·001).

All protein supplements also improved the apparent digestibility of straw organic matter (OM) (P < 0·05) and the metabolizable energy (ME) obtained from straw (P < 0·01). Blood urea was increased due to supplementation with urea (P < 0·001), SBM (P < 0·01) and FT-SBM (P < 0·05). Supplementation with BARLEY appeared to improve straw DM intake over MSBP and USBP but this was not reflected in improved ME intake from straw.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 43 , Issue 2 , October 1986 , pp. 201 - 209
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1980. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Alawa, J. P. and Hemingway, R. G. 1986. The voluntary intake and digestibility of straw diets and the performance of wether sheep as influenced by formaldehyde treatment of soya-bean meal. Animal Production 42: 105–109.Google Scholar
Bass, J. M., Fishwick, F. and Parkins, J. J. 1981a. The effect of the method of presentation of a concentrated solution containing urea, minerals, trace elements and vitamins on the voluntary intake of oat straw by beef cattle. Animal Production 33: 15–17.Google Scholar
Bass, J. M., Hemingway, R. G., Fishwick, G. and Parkins, J. J. 1981b. The voluntary intake of oat straw by adult cattle as affected by the method of dietary presentation of a concentrated solution of urea, minerals and vitamins. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 97: 31–36.Google Scholar
Bhattacharya, A. N. and Sleiman, F. T. 1971. Beet pulp as a grain replacement for dairy cows and sheep. Journal of Dairy Science 54: 89–94.Google Scholar
Castle, M. E. 1972. A comparative study of the feeding value of dried sugar-beet pulp for milk production. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 78: 371–377.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ducker, M. J., Fraser, J. and Hemingway, R. G. 1976. Evaluation of molassed sugar-beet pulp nuts supplemented with urea as an energy and protein source for lactating ewes. Animal Production 22: 403–409.Google Scholar
Duncombe, W. G. 1964. The colorimetric microdetermination of non-esterified fatty acids in plasma. Clinica Chimica Ada 9: 122–125.Google Scholar
Fishwick, G., Fraser, J., Hemingway, R. G., Parkins, J. J. and Ritchie, N. S. 1974. The voluntary intake and digestibility of oat straw by pregnant beef cows as influenced by urea and phosphorus supplementation contained in molassed sugar-beet pulp. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82: 427–432.Google Scholar
Fishwick, G., Fraser, J., Hemingway, R. G., Parkins, J. J. and Ritchie, N. S. 1977a. The effects of dietary phosphorus inadequacy during pregnancy and lactation on the voluntary intake and digestibility of oat straw by beef cows and the performance of their calves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 88: 143–150.Google Scholar
Fishwick, G., Fraser, J., Hemingway, R. G., Parkins, J. J. and Ritchie, N. S. 1977b. The performance of housed beef cows given oat straw supplemented with urea contained in either molassed sugar-beet pulp or barley cubes. Experimental Husbandry 32: 19–24.Google Scholar
Fishwick, G., Hemingway, R. G., Parkins, J. J. and Ritchie, N. S. 1973. A note on the effect of urea contained in a molassed sugar-beet pulp cube on the voluntary intake and digestibility of oat straw by steers. Animal Production 17: 205–208.Google Scholar
Fishwick, G., Parkins, J. J., Hemingway, R. G. and Ritchie, N. S. 1978. A comparison of the voluntary intake and digestibility by beef cows of diets based on oat straw and supplemented with different forms of non-protein nitrogen. Animal Production 26: 135–141.Google Scholar
Forster, R. J., Grieve, D. J., Buchanan-smith, J. G. and Macleod, G. K. 1983. Effect of dietary protein degradability on cows in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science 66: 1653–1662.Google Scholar
Gill, J. L. 1978. Design and Analysis of Experiments in Animal and Medical Science. Iowa State University Press, Ames, la.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, J. S., Robinson, J. J., McHattie, I. and Fraser, C. 1982. The effect in ewes of source and level of dietary protein on milk yield, and the relationship between the intestinal supply of nonammonia nitrogen and the production of milk protein. Animal Production 34: 31–40.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, J. S., Robinson, J. J., McHattie, I. and Mehrez, A. Z. 1979. The use of lactating ewes in evaluating protein sources for ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 38: 145A (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries for Scotland and Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland. 1984. Energy allowances and feeding systems for ruminants. Reference Book 433. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
Reinhold, J. G. 1953. Total protein, albumin and globulin. In Standard Methods of Clinical Chemistry Vol. 1 (ed. Reiner, M.), pp. 88–97. Academic Press, New York.Google Scholar
Ronning, M. and Bath, D. L. 1962. Relative milk production value of barley, dried beet pulp, molassed dried beet pulp and concentrated steffen filtrate dried beet pulp. Journal of Dairy Science 45: 854–857.Google Scholar
Russel, A. J. F. and Wright, I. A. 1983. The use of blood metabolites in the determination of energy status in beef cows. Animal Production 37: 335–343.Google Scholar
Terry, R. A., Tilley, J. M. A. and Outen, G. E. 1969. Effect of pH on cellulose digestion under in vitro conditions. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 20: 317–320.Google Scholar
Williams, C. H., David, D. J. and Iismaa, O. 1962. The determination of chromic oxide in faeces samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 59: 381–385.Google Scholar
Zivin, J. A. and Snarr, J. F. 1973. An automated colorimetric method for the measurement of 3- hydroxybutyrate concentration. Analytical Biochemistry 52: 456–461.Google Scholar