Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T13:41:00.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Efficiency of utilization during pregnancy and lactation in the ewe of the protein reaching the abomasum and truly digested in the small intestine

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

N. T. Ngongoni ,
J. J. Robinson ,
R. P. Aitken  and
C. Fraser
N. T. Ngongoni
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
J. J. Robinson
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
R. P. Aitken
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
C. Fraser
Affiliation:
Rowett Research Institute, Bucksburn, Aberdeen AB2 9SB
Get access

Abstract

In six experiments carried out on individually penned Finn Dorset ewes estimates were made of the quantities of non-ammonia nitrogen (NAN) reaching the abomasum and truly digested in the small intestine. For experiments 1 and 2 which each involved 33 ewes given a complete diet of milled hay and concentrates supplemented with varying amounts of a good-quality fish meal during late pregnancy, the overall regression estimate for the daily amount of truly digested NAN required for zero N retention (ewe plus conceptus) was 438 mg/kg M0·75 (441 and 434 for experiments 1 and 2 respectively). The coefficients for the efficiency of utilization of increments of truly digested NAN and maternal tissue N for net N accretion in the conceptus were 0·48 (s.e. 0·039) and 0·84 (s.e. 0·127) respectively.

In experiment 3, 24 lactating ewes had their diet supplemented with either soya-bean meal or fish meal. There was no effect of protein source on the amounts of NAN reaching the abomasum in ewes fitted with an abomasal cannula or on milk yield and these observations confirmed the unusually high degradability (measured by the polyester bag technique) of the fish-meal protein in the rumen. For experiments 4, 5 and 6 a total of 36 ewes were used to test the efficiency with which the NAN truly digested in the small intestine was used for the synthesis of milk protein. In the absence of data on the possible contribution of body tissue N to milk N the coefficient for the apparent efficiency of utilization of truly digested NAN when the ewes were given a basal diet containing approximately 10 g crude protein per MJ metabolizable energy was 0·63. For those ewes receiving the basal diet supplemented with either soya-bean meal, fish meal or blood meal the coefficients for the efficiency of utilization for the production of milk N of the increments in truly digested NAN supplied by the three protein sources were 0·61, 0·54 and 0·29 respectively. It is suggested that the low coefficient for blood meal may be due to its low content of methionine.

Type
Papers
Information
Animal Production , Volume 49 , Issue 2 , October 1989 , pp. 249 - 265
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1989

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1980. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The Nutrient Requirements of Ruminant Livestock. Supplement No. I. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Chalupa, W. 1984. Discussion of Protein Symposium. Journal of Dairy Science 67: 1134–1146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowan, R. T., Robinson, J. J., McDonald, I. and Smart, R. I. 1980. Effects of body fatness at lambing and diet in lactation on body tissue loss, feed intake and milk yield of ewes in early lactation. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 95: 497–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eggum, B. D. 1968. Amino Acid Concentration and Protein Quality. Stougaards Forlag, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Faichney, G. J. and White, G. A. 1987. Effects of maternal nutritional status on fetal and placental growth and on fetal urea synthesis in sheep. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences 40: 365–377.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Galbraith, H. and Chesworth, J. M. 1977. A double antibody solid phase method for the radioimmunoassay of bovine growth hormone. Laboratory Practice 26: 471–472.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, J. S., Robinson, J. J. and Fraser, C. 1985a. The effect of physiological state on digestion in the ewe and its influence on the quantity of protein reaching the abomasum. Livestock Production Science 12: 59–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez, J. S., Robinson, J. J. and McHattie, I. 1985b. The effect of level of feeding on the response of lactating ewes to dietary supplements of fish meal. Animal Production 40: 39–45.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, J. S., Robinson, J. J., McHattie, I. and Fraser, C. 1982. The effect in ewes of source and level of dietary protein on milk yield, and the relationship between the intestinal supply of non-ammonia nitrogen and the production of milk protein. Animal Production 34: 31–40.Google Scholar
Gonzalez, J. S., Robinson, J. J., McHattie, I. and Mehrez, A. Z. 1979. The use of lactating ewes in evaluating protein sources for ruminants. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 38: 145A.Google ScholarPubMed
Grovum, W. L. and Williams, V. J. 1973. Rate of passage of digesta in sheep. 4. Passage of marker through the alimentary tract and the biological relevance of rate-constants derived from the changes in concentration of marker in faeces. British Journal of Nutrition 30: 313–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hvelplund, T. 1983. Digestibility of rumen microbial protein and undegraded dietary protein in the small intestine of sheep. In 4th International Symposium on Protein Metabolism and Nutrition, Vol. 2, pp. 283–286. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Clermont-Ferrand.Google Scholar
Hvelplund, T. 1985. Digestibility of rumen microbial protein and undegraded dietary protein estimated in the small intestine of sheep and by in sacco procedure. Ada Agriculturae Scandinavica, Suppl. 25, Protein Evaluation for Ruminants, pp. 132–144.Google Scholar
Hvelplund, T., Møller, P. D., Masdden, J. and Hesselholt, M. 1976. Flow of digesta through the gastrointestinal tract in the bovine with special reference to nitrogen. Arsskrift, Kongelige Veterinaer-og Landboh0pkole, pp. 173–192. National Institute of Animal Science, Copenhagen.Google Scholar
Journet, M. and Verite, R. 1979. Predicting equations of duodenal flow in dairy cattle. Effects of level of feeding and proportion of concentrate in the diet. Annales de Recherches Véterinaires 10: 303–306.Google ScholarPubMed
McDonald, I., Robinson, J. J., Fraser, C. and Smart, R. I. 1979. Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes. 5. The accretion of nutrients in the foetuses and adnexa. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 591–603.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mathers, J. C. and Miller, E. L. 1981. Quantitative studies of food protein degradation and the energetic efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of sheep given chopped lucerne and rolled barley. British Journal of Nutrition 45: 587–604.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meier, P. R., Peterson, R. G., Bonds, D. R., Meschia, G. and Battaglia, F. C. 1981. Rates of protein synthesis and turnover in foetal life. American Journal of Physiology 240: E320–324.Google Scholar
Miller, E. L., Galwey, N. W., Pike, I. H. and Newman, G. 1983. Effect of replacing soya-bean meal by fish meal on milk production by Friesian cows on commercial farms. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 42: 62A (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Ngongoni, N. T., Robinson, J. J., Kay, R. N. B., Stephenson, R. G. A., Atkinson, T., Grant, I. and Henderson, G. 1987. The effect of altering the hormone status of ewes on the outflow rate of protein supplements from the rumen and so on protein degradability. Animal Production 44: 395–404.Google Scholar
Noakes, D. E. and YOUNG. M. 1981. Measurement of fetal tissue protein synthetic rate in the lamb in utero. Research in Veterinary Science 31: 336–341.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oldham, J. D. 1987. Efficiencies of amino acid utilization. In Feed Evaluation and Protein Requirement Systems for Ruminants (ed. Jarrige, R. and Alderman, G.), pp. 171–186. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92: 499–503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penning, P. D., Orr, R. J. and Treacher, T. T. 1988. Responses of lactating ewes, offered fresh herbage indoors and when grazing, to supplements containing different protein concentrations. Animal Production 46: 403–415.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J. J., Fraser, C., Gill, J. C. and McHattie, I. 1974. The effect of dietary crude protein concentration and time of weaning on milk production and body-weight change in the ewe. Animal Production 19: 331–339.Google Scholar
Robinson, J. J., McDonald, I., Brown, D. S. and Fraser, C. 1985. Studies on reproduction in prolific ewes. 8. The concentrations and rates of accretion of amino acids in the foetuses. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105: 21–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J. J., McHattie, I., Calderon Cortez, J. F. and Thompson, J. L. 1979. Further studies on the response of lactating ewes to dietary protein. Animal Production 29: 257–269.Google Scholar
Roy, J. H. B., Balch, C. C, Miller, E. L., ørskov, E. R. and Smith, R. H. 1977. Calculation of nitrogen requirements for ruminants from nitrogen metabolism. Protein Metabolism and Nutrition (ed. Tamminga, S.), pp. 126–129. Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, Wageningen.Google Scholar
Schwarting, G. and Kaufmann, W. 1978. The digestibility of proteins in ruminants. Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernährung und Futtermittelkunde 40: 6–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Storm, E. and Ørskov, E. R. 1982. Biological value and digestibility of rumen microbial protein in lamb small intestine. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 14: 78A (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Thompson, J. L., Robinson, J. J. and McHattie, I. 1978. An effect of physiological state on digestion in the ewe. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 37: 71A (Abstr.).Google ScholarPubMed
Udén, P., Colucci, P. E. and Van soest, P. J. 1980. Investigation of chromium, cerium and cobalt as markers in digesta. Rate of passage studies. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 31: 625–632.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Webster, A. J. F. 1987. Metabolizable protein — the UK approach. In Feed Evaluation and Protein Requirement Systems for Ruminants (ed. Jarrige, R. and Alderman, G.), pp. 47–53. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg.Google Scholar
Webster, A. J. F., Kitcherside, M. A., Keirby, J. R. and Hall, P. A. 1984. Evaluation of protein foods for dairy cows. Animal Production 38: 548 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Weston, R. H. 1979. Digestion during pregnancy and lactation in sheep. Annales de Recherches Veterinaires 10: 442–444.Google ScholarPubMed
Whitelaw, F. G., Milne, J. S., Ørskov, E. R. and Smith, J. S. 1986. The nitrogen and energy metabolism of lactating cows given abomasal infusions of casein. British Journal of Nutrition 55: 537–556.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zivin, J. A. and Snarr, J. F. 1973. An automated colorimetric method for the measurement of 3-hydroxybutyrate concentration. Analytical Biochemistry 52: 456–461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed