Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T01:16:26.594Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effect of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 2. Reproductive performance, food intake, backfat changes and culling rate during the first two parities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

Y. Le Cozier
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Funbo-Lövsta, S-755 97 Uppsala, Sweden
E. Ringmar-Cederberg
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Funbo-Lövsta, S-755 97 Uppsala, Sweden
L. Rydhmer
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Funbo-Lövsta, S-755 97 Uppsala, Sweden
N. Lundeheim
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Centre for Reproductive Biology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Funbo-Lövsta, S-755 97 Uppsala, Sweden
J. Y. Dourmad
Affiliation:
INRA, Station de Recherches Porcines, 35590 Saint-Gilles, France
M. Neil*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Funbo-Lövsta, S-755 97 Uppsala, Sweden
*
To whom correspondence should be addressed
Get access

Abstract

A 2 x 2 factorial experiment was designed in order to study the effects of feeding level during rearing and of mating policy on the reproductive performance and food intake of first- and second-litter sows. Gilts were offered food during rearing either ad libitum (AL) or at 0·8 of the AL level (R) and served either at first (E1) or third (E3) detected oestrus. A total of 160 out of the 243 animals that started the experiment were culled by the end of the second lactation, with significantly more R than AL animals (71 and 60%, respectively). During the first pregnancy, the R sows gained more live weight (LW) and backfat thickness (BF) than their AL contemporaries (+5 kg and +1.2 mm, respectively) and lost less BF during the first lactation (1.2 mm less). At weaning, no difference remained in LW or BF between AL and R sows (174 kg LW on average). The E3 females gained less LW during both pregnancies compared with those on the E1 treatment, but they remained heavier until the second weaning (208 kg, on average). During the first lactation, R consumed more food during the weeks 2 and 3 (by 0·5 kg/day, on average) than those reared previously on the AL regime, and no difference was observed between E3 and E1 females. No difference in food consumption was noted during parity two. However, when measured over the first two parities, lean animals consumed more food than fat animals. The size and the weight of the litter at birth or at weaning were not influenced by the treatment prior to service. The weaning-to-oestrus interval was longer during parity one than during parity two (5·7 and 5·0 days, respectively; P < 0·01) but it was not affected by feeding or mating treatment.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aherne, F. X. and Kirkwood, R. N. 1985. Nutrition and sow prolificacy. Journal of Reproduction and Fertility, Supplement 33: 169183.Google ScholarPubMed
Brooks, P. H. and Smith, D. A. 1980. The effect of mating age on the reproductive performance, food utilization and liveweight change of the female pig. Livestock Production Science 7: 6778.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dagorn, J. and Aumaître, A. 1979. Sow culling: reasons for and effect on productivity. Livestock Production Science 6: 167177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dourmad, J. Y. 1991. Effect of feeding level in the gilt during pregnancy on voluntary feed intake during lactation and changes in body composition during gestation and lactation. Livestock Production Science 27: 309319.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duée, P. H. 1984. Influence de la nutrition azotée sur le métabolisme et la reproduction chez la truie. Thèse de Doctorat d’Etat es Sciences Naturelles, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris.Google Scholar
Friendship, R. M., Wilson, M. R., Almond, G. W., McMillan, L, Hacker, R. R., Pieper, R. and Swaminathan, S. S. 1986. Sow wastage: reasons for and effect on productivity. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 50: 205208.Google ScholarPubMed
Hartog, L. A.den. 1984. The effect of energy intake during rearing on reproductive traits in gilts. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 32: 281292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartog, L. A. den and Kempen, G. J. M.van. 1980. Relation between nutrition and fertility in pigs. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 28: 211227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hultén, F., Neil, M., Einarsson, S. and Håkansson, J. 1993. Energy metabolism during late gestation and lactation in multiparous sows in relation to backfat thickness and the interval from weaning to oestrus. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 34: 920.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, R. H. and Williams, I. H. 1984. The effect of nutrition on the reproductive performance of first litter sows. 1. Feeding level during lactation, and between weaning and mating. Journal of Animal Science 38: 241247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Cozier, Y., David, C, Beaumal, V., Hulin, J.C, Neil, M. and Dourmad, J. Y. 1998a. Effect of feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. 1. Growth, reproductive performance, and feed intake during the first lactation. Reproduction Nutrition Development 38: 363375.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Cozier, Y., David, C, Beaumal, V., Johansen, S. and Dourmad, J. Y. 1998b. Effect of feeding level during rearing on performance of Large White gilts. 2. Effect on metabolite profiles during gestation and lactation and glucose tolerance. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 38: 377390.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Cozier, Y., Ringmar-Cederberg, Ev Johansen, S., Dourmad, J. Y., Neil, M. and Stern, S. 1999. Effect of feeding level during rearing and mating strategy on performance of Swedish Yorkshire sows. 1. Growth, puberty and conception rate. Animal Science 68: 355363.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Léon, E. and Madec, F. 1992. Etude de la phase perinatale chez le porc dans 3 élevages. 2. Santé et performances du porcelet en phase d’allaitement. Journées de la Recherche Porcine en France 24: 99108.Google Scholar
MacPherson, R. M., Hoveli, F. D.DeB. and Jones, A. S. 1977. Performance of sows first mated at puberty or second or third oestrus, and carcass assessment of once-bred gilts. Animal Production 24: 333342.Google Scholar
Mullan, B. P. and Williams, I. H. 1989. The effect of body reserves at farrowing on the reproductive performance of first litter sows. Animal Production 48: 449457.Google Scholar
Neil, M. 1996. Effects of ad libitum feeding in lactation and the timing of its introduction on sow performance. Ph.D. dissertation, report 237, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.Google Scholar
Newton, E. A. and Mahan, D. C. 1993. Effect of initial breeding weight and management system using a high producing sow genotype on resulting reproductive performance over three parities. Journal of Animal Science 71: 11771186.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
O’Dowd, S., Hoste, S., Mercer, J. T., Fowler, V. R. and Edwards, S. A. 1997. Nutritional modification of body composition and the consequences for reproductive performance and longevity in genetically lean sows. Livestock Production Science 52: 155165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogle, R. B. and Dalin, A.-M. 1989. The effect of food intake in the rearing period on the reproductive performance of heavy and light gilts from large litters. Animal Production 49: 305310.Google Scholar
Prunier, A., Dourmad, J. Y. and Etienne, M. 1993. Feeding level, metabolic parameters and reproductive performance of primiparous sows. Livestock Production Science 37: 185196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reese, D. E., Moser, B. D., Peo, E. R., Lewis, A. J., Zimmerman, D. R., Kinder, J. E. and Stroup, W. W. 1982. Influence of energy intake during lactation on the interval from weaning to first estrus in sows. Journal of Animal Science 55: 590598.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rozeboom, D. W., Pettigrew, J. E., Moser, R. L., Cornelius, S. G. and El Kandely, S. M. 1996. Influence of gilt age and body composition at first breeding on sow reproductive performance and longevity. Journal of Animal Science 74: 138150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Simmins, P. H., Edwards, S. A. and Spechter, H. H. 1994. Growth and body condition of sows given different feeding regimes during the rearing stage and through eight parities when housed in groups with straw bedding. Animal Production 58: 271283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1996. SAS/STAT® user’s guide, version 6.11. Statistical Analysis Systems Institute Inc., Cary, NC.Google Scholar
Sterning, M., Rydhmer, L., Eliasson, L., Einarsson, S. and Andersson, К. 1990. A study on primiparous sows of the ability to show standing oestrus and to ovulate after weaning. Influences of loss of body weight and backfat during lactation and of litter size, litter weight gain and season. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 31: 227236.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weldon, W.C., Lewis, A. J., Louis, G. F., Kovar, J. L., Giesemann, M. A. and Miller, P. S. 1994. Postpartum hypophagia in primiparous sows. 1. Effect of gestation feeding level on feed intake, feeding behavior, and plasma metabolite concentrations during lactation. Journal of Animal Science 72: 387394.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whittemore, C. T. 1996. Nutrition reproduction interactions in primiparous sows. Livestock Production Science 46: 6583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yang, H., Eastham, P. R., Phillips, P. and Whittemore, C.T. 1989. Reproductive performance, body weight and body condition of breeding sows with differing body fatness at parturition, differing nutrition during lactation, and differing litter size. Animal Production 48: 181201.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, L. G. and King, G. J. 1981. Reproductive performance of gilts bred on first versus third estrus. Journal of Animal Science 53: 1925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, L. G., King, G. J., Walton, J. S., McMillan, I. and Klevorick, M. 1990. Age, weight, backfat and time of mating effects on performance of gilts. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 70: 469481.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zak, L. J., Cosgrove, G. R., Aherne, F. X. and Foxcroft, G. R. 1997. Pattern of feed intake and associated metabolic and endocrine changes differentially affect postweaning fertility in primiparous lactating sows. Journal of Animal Science 75: 208216.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed