Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-25T09:09:24.290Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Digestion site and extent of carbohydrate fractions in steers offered by-product diets, as determined by detergent and enzymatic methods

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

K. Taniguchi ,
Y. Zhao ,
H. Uchikawa  and
T. Obitsu
K. Taniguchi
Affiliation:
Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi 739, Japan
Y. Zhao
Affiliation:
Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi 739, Japan
H. Uchikawa
Affiliation:
Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi 739, Japan
T. Obitsu
Affiliation:
Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima-shi 739, Japan
Get access

Abstract

The objective was to elucidate the influences of two analytical methods, which employed neutral detergent or enzymes, on the digestion of carbohydrate fractions in the rumen and post-rumen of steers. Structural carbohydrates in diets and digesta were directly measured using both procedures and the contents of non-fibre carbohydrates (NFC) and non-fibre non-starch polysaccharides (NFSP) were estimated by subtracting the structural carbohydrates and other components from the organic matter. Carbohydrate sources were Italian ryegrass and rolled barley in the control diet and, in each of other three diets, Italian ryegrass and rolled barley plus either beet pulp, citrus pulp or soya-bean hulls. All diets contained similar proportions of dry matter as crude protein, structural carbohydrates and NFC but the starch proportion of the NFC was different in each diet, as follows: control (0·62), beet pulp (0·48), citrus pulp (0·30) and soya-bean hulls (0·63). Four Holstein steers with ruminal, duodenal and Heal cannulas were offered the four diets in a 4 × 4 Latin-square design. Estimated digestibilities of the structural carbohydrates in the rumen and the whole tract were greater (P < 0·01) when the detergent method was used than when the enzymatic method was used. The maximal difference in the ruminal digestion among the four diets was only 0·05 by the detergent method but 0·17 by the enzymatic method. Conversely, the digestibility of NFC in the rumen, as estimated from the detergent structural carbohydrates was less (P < 0.01) than that estimated from enzymatic structural carbohydrates with no evident differences among the four diets. Starch digestibility in the rumen was extensive for all diets but the ruminal digestibility of NFSP was much lower in the control and soya-bean hull diets, especially when it was estimated using the detergent method. The duodenal flow of microbial protein was greater (P < 0·05) for the beet pulp and citrus pulp diets than for the control. The acetate concentration of the ruminal fluids ranged from 84 for the control diet to 128 mmol/l for the soya-bean hulls diet. The digestion of carbohydrate fractions and the fermentation characteristics in the rumen suggested that the enzymatic method is the more appropriate method for fractionating carbohydrates.

Keywords

carbohydratesdigestionfibresteers
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 68 , Issue 1 , February 1999 , pp. 173 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1999

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abe, A. 1988. [Feed analysis based on the carbohydrates and its application to the nutritive values of feeds.] Memoirs of the National Institute of Animal Industry, no. 2. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba.Google Scholar
Abe, A. and Horii, S. 1979. Comparison of detergent method and enzymatic method for the determination of cell wall constituents of feed samples. Journal of Japanese Grassland Science 25: 70–75.Google Scholar
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat. 1987a. Japanese feeding standard for beef cattle. Central Association of Livestock Industry, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Research Council Secretariat. 1987b. Standard tables of feed composition. Central Association of Livestock Industry, Tokyo.Google Scholar
Asp, N. G. and Johansson, C. G. 1981. Techniques for measuring dietary fiber: principle aims of methods and a comparison of results obtained by different techniques. In The analysis of dietary fiber in food (ed. James, W. P. T. and Herman, R. H.), pp. 123–158. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basel.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1975. Official methods of analysis, 12th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Ben-Ghedalia, D., Yosef, E., Miron, J. and Est, Y. 1989. The effects of starch- and pectine-rich diets on quantitative aspects of digestion in sheep. Animal Feed Science and Technology 24: 289–298.Google Scholar
Elliot, J. P., Drackley, J. K., Fahey Jr, G. C. and Shanks, R. D. 1995. Utilization of supplemental fat by dairy cows fed diets varying in content of nonstructural carbohydrates. Journal of Dairy Science 78: 1512–1525.Google Scholar
Hall, M. B., Lewis, B. A., Van Soest, P. J. and Chase, L. E. 1997. A simple method for estimation of neutral detergent-soluble fiber. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 74: 441–449.3.0.CO;2-C>CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mitchell, J. R. and Taylor, A. J. 1983. Crude pectate gelling agents in heat processed foods. In Upgrading waste for feeds and food (ed. Led ward, D. A., Taylor, J. and Lawrie, R. A.), pp. 247–265. Butterworths, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nocek, J. E. and Tamminga, S. 1991. Site of digestion of starch in the gastrointestinal tract of dairy cows and its effect on milk yield and composition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3598–3629.Google Scholar
Okuda, H., Fujii, S. and Kawashima, Y. 1965. A direct colorimetrie determination of blood ammonia. Tokushima Journal of Experimental Medicine 12: 11–23.Google Scholar
Phatak, L., Chang, K. C. and Brown, G. 1988. Isolation and characterization of pectin in sugar-beet pulp. Journal of Food Science 53: 830–833.Google Scholar
Prosky, L., Asp, N.-G., Furda, I., De Vries, J. W., Schweizer, T. F. and Harland, B. F. 1985. Determination of total dietary fibre in foods and food products: collaborative study. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists 68: 677–679.Google ScholarPubMed
Robertson, J. B. and Van Soest, P. J. 1981. The detergent system of analysis and its application to human foods. In The analysis of dietary fiber in food (ed. James, W. P. T. and Herman, R. H.), pp. 123–158. Marcel Dekker Inc., New York and Basel.Google Scholar
Smith, R. H. and McAllan, A. B. 1974. Some factors influencing the chemical composition of mixed rumen bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition 31: 27–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 1990. SASISTAT user’s guide, version 6, fourth edition. SAS Institute. Inc., Cary, North Carolina.Google Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and procedures of statistics: a biometrical approach, second edition. McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York.Google Scholar
Taniguchi, K. and Obitsu, T. 1994. Techniques for gastrointestinal cannulation of ruminants with improved polyethylene cannulas. Journal of the Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University 33: 1–8.Google Scholar
Taniguchi, K., Watanabe, T., Nakamura, S. and Obitsu, T. 1991. Site and extent of digestion and nitrogen use in steers fed high-protein diets containing different protein and starch sources. Animal Science and Technology, Japan 65: 775–787.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. 1993. Cell wall matrix interaction and degradation. In Forage cell wall structure and digestibility (ed. Jung, H. G. Buxton, D. R. Hatfield, R. D. and Ralph, J.), pp. 377–396. ASA-CSSA-SSSA, Madison, Wisconsin.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J., Robertson, J. B. and Lewis, B. A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 3583–3597.Google Scholar
Yoshida, M., Kosaka, K., Horii, S. and Kameoka, K. 1967. A new procedure for the determination of chromic oxide with potassium phosphate reagent. Japanese Journal of Poultry Science 4: 24–29.Google Scholar
Zhao, Y., Taniguchi, K. and Obitsu, T. 1996. Effects of different processing procedures for rice bran on dietary nutrient digestion in each segment of the digestive tract of steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology 59: 265–277.Google Scholar
Zinn, R. A. and Owens, F. N. 1986. A rapid procedure for purine measurement and its use for estimating net ruminal protein synthesis. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66: 157–166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar