Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T05:56:39.771Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Calcium hydroxide treatment of malt distillers' grains 1. Effects on chemical composition and digestibility measured in vitro and in sacco

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

J. E. Offer  and
N. W. Offer
J. E. Offer
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW
N. W. Offer
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW
Get access

Abstract

Experiment 1 investigated the effects of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2)treatment (80 g/kg malt distillers' grains (MDG) dry matter (DM) at ambient temperature (L) and at 60°C (LH). Organic matter digestibilities in vitro (1V0MD) were 0·30, 0·50 and 0·56 (s.e. 0·023) for untreated (C), L and LH respectively. The increase in IVOMD was less with MDG that had previously been ether-extracted (corresponding values 0·47, 0·53 and 0·54). The proportion of lipid in soap form was 0·03, 0·35 and 0·46 (s.e. 0·03) for C, L and LH respectively. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of treatment time, temperature and Ca(OH)2 concentration on composition, IVOMD and organic matter digestibility in sacco (ISOMD). Response was most dependent on Ca(OH)2 concentration. Mean values for 0, 40, 80 and 120 g Ca(OH)2 per kg DM were for neutral-detergent fibre (NDF) (g/kg DM) 704, 586, 422 and 382; for water-soluble carbohydrate (g/kg DM) 2, 4,40 and 44; for ISOMD 0 h (without incubation) 0·25, 0·25, 0·51 and 0·57; for ISOMD 24 h (24-h rumen incubation) 0·63, 0·66, 0·84 and 0·86 and for IVOMD 0·51, 0·55, 0·65 and 0·65. Increasing treatment temperature from 20 to 80°C increased mean ISOMD 0 h from 0·31 to 0·49 but had less effect on ISOMD 24 h (0·74 and 0·79 respectively). Experiment 3 investigated the effects of treatment with 80 g Ca(OH)2 per kg DM at 60°C for 16 h on rumen degradation in sacco. Instantaneous losses (a values%) for OM and NDF were increased by treatment from 14·6 to 45·5 and from 8·6 to 18·6 respectively. Treatment increased effective degradability (at 0·06 per h rumen outflow rate) from 0·43 to 0·66 for OM and from 0·40 to 0·46 for NDF. Total potentially digestible OM (a + b) increased from 0·65 to 0·91 for OM and from 0·58 to 0·84 for NDF. Ca(OH)2 treatment enhances the nutritional value of MDG. Its mode of action involves reduction of the toxicity to rumen micro-organisms of unsaturated lipid by soap formation and the effect of alkali on the composition of the carbohydrate fraction.

Keywords

calcium hydroxidedigestibilitydistillers' grains
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 55 , Issue 2 , October 1992 , pp. 203 - 208
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Alexander, R. H. 1969. The establishment of a laboratory procedure for the in vitro determination of digestibility. West of Scotland Agricultural College research bulletin no. 42. Auchincruive, Ayr.Google Scholar
Barker, J. E. 1991. Calcium hydroxide treatment of spent grains from the Scotch whisky industry. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Glasgow.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chesson, A. 1981. Effects of sodium hydroxide on cereal straws in relation to the enhanced degradation of structural polysaccharides by rumen micro-organisms. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 32: 745–758.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Hag, G. A. and Miller, T. B. 1969. Evaluation of whisky distillery by-products. II. Studies on the in vitro digestibility of malt distillers' grains. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 20: 481–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Hag, G. A. and Miller, T. B. 1972. Evaluation of whisky distillery by-products. II. The reduction in digestibility of malt distillers' grains by fatty acids and the interaction with calcium and other reversal agents. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 23: 247–258.Google Scholar
GB Parliament. 1985. The feedingstuffs (sampling and analysis) (amendment) regulations 1985. Statutory instrument, no. 1119. Her Majesty's Stationery Office, London.Google Scholar
Hunter, E. A. and Mann, A. D. 1979. EDEX-analysis of experiments. Edinburgh catalogue no. 19, 250.800, ARC Unit of Statistics, Edinburgh University.Google Scholar
Hyslop, J. J. and Roberts, D. J. 1988. Effects of offering malt distillers' grains (draff) as a supplement for concentrates in silage-based diets for dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 46: 489 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Hyslop, J. J. and Roberts, D. J. 1989. Effects of replacing barley/soya with malt distillers' grains (draff) in silage-based complete diets for dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science 48: 636 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Jackson, M. G. 1977. The alkali treatment of straws. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2: 105–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkins, T. C. and Palmquist, D. L. 1982. Effect of added fat and calcium on in vitro formation of insoluble fatty acid soaps and cell wall digestibility. Journal of Animal Science 55: 957–963.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klopfenstein, T. J. and Owen, F. G. 1981. Value and potential of crop residues and by-products in dairy rations. Journal of Dairy Science. 64: 1250–1268.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, M. and Lowman, B. G. 1987. Malt distillers' grains as the sole diet for beef cattle. Proceedings of the fourth conference of nutritionists of the Scottish Agricultural Aberdeen, pp. 77–90.Google Scholar
Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. 1990. UK tables of nutritive value and chemical composition of feedingstuffs (ed. Givens, D. I. and Moss, A. R.). Rowett Research Services, Aberdeen.Google Scholar
Offer, J. E. and Offer, N. W. 1992. Calcium hydroxide treatment of malt distillers' grains. 2. Effects on apparent digestibility in vivo, intake and performance in sheep. Animal Production. 55: 209–218.Google Scholar
Ørskov, E. R. and McDonald, I. 1979. The estimation of protein degradability in the rumen from incubation measurements weighted according to rate of passage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge. 92: 499–503.Google Scholar
Sukhija, P. S. and Palmquist, D. L. 1990. Dissociation of calcium soaps of long chain fatty acids in rumen fluid. Journal of Dairy Science. 73: 1784–1787.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thomas, T. A. 1977. An automated procedure for the determination of soluble carbohydrates in herbage. Journal of the Science of food and Agriculture 28: 639–642.Google Scholar
Van Soest, P. J. and Wine, R. H. 1967. Use of detergents on the analysis of fibrous feeds. IV. Determination of plant cell wall constituents. Journal of the Association of Analytical Chemists 50: 50–55.Google Scholar