Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T12:03:59.721Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Protein requirements of boars of high genetic potential for lean growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

D. S. Rao  and
K. J. McCracken
D. S. Rao
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Agricultural Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX
K. J. McCracken
Affiliation:
Department of Food and Agricultural Chemistry, Queen's University of Belfast, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX Food and Agricultural Chemistry Research Division, Department of Agriculture for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX
Get access

Abstract

Six replicates (five Landrace and one Duroc) of four littermate entire male pigs were used to evaluate the effect of protein level in diets of constant amino acid composition on live-weight gain, efficiency of gain, nitrogen balance and carcass characteristics. The diet contents ranged from 151 to 282 g crude protein (CP) and 8·5 to 16·4 g lysine per kg dry matter (DM) and were studied over two live-weight ranges, 33 to 55 kg and 55 to 88 kg. All the diets had similar metabolizable energy (ME) values (15·0 MJ/kg DM). Pigs were given food twice daily to appetite. Sixteen pigs (four replicates) were used for metabolism trials at 35 to 43, 58 to 65 and 78 to 88 kg live weight and after attaining a live weight of 88 kg they were slaughtered to assess carcass characteristics. Between 33 and 55 kg live weight significantly linear improvements (P < 0·01) in the daily live-weight gain and in the ratio ME: live-weight gain were observed for daily intakes in excess of 300 g ideal protein and 21 g lysine (212 g CP and 12·5 g lysine per kg DM). Between 55 and 88 kg live weight, linear improvements in the same two variables were observed for daily intakes of 395 g ideal protein and 28 g lysine (212 g CP and 12·5 g lysine per kg DM). For the 33 to 88 kg live-weight period the average ME intake was 30 MJ/day and the predicted intakes for maximum growth and food conversion efficiency were in excess of 370 g ideal protein and 26 g lysine. Nitrogen retention improved significantly with increasing dietary crude protein content in all three balance periods. Fat thickness measurements decreased linearly (P < 0·05) and the proportions of lean and fat in rumpback increased and decreased respectively (P < 0·01) as the dietary protein level increased.

Keywords

boarscarcass qualitydietary proteingrowthlysine
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 51 , Issue 1 , August 1990 , pp. 179 - 187
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The Nutrient Requirements of Pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1975. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 12th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Batterham, K. S., Giles, L. R. and Dettmann, E. B. 1985. Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs. 1. Effects of food intake, sex and live weight on the responses of growing pigs to lysine concentration. Animal Production 40: 331–343.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. 1988. Nutritional constraints to lean tissue accretion in farm animals. Nutrition Research Reviews 1: 233–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curic, D. M. 1983. The influence of feeding level from 20 to 45 kg live weight on the performance and body composition of female and entire male pigs. Animal Production 36: 193–199.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curic, D. M. 1985. Effects of sex and energy intake between 48 and 90 kg live weight on protein deposition in growing pigs. Animal Production 40: 497–503.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curic, D. M. 1988a. The effects of sex and live weight on the growing pig's response to dietary protein. Animal Production 46: 123–130.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Rayner, C. J. 1988b. The tissue and dietary protein and amino acid requirements of pigs from 80 to 200 kg live weight. Animal Production 46: 283–290.Google Scholar
Chadd, S. A. and Cole, D. J. A. 1988. Food intake, growth and carcass quality of improved genotypes of growing/finishing pigs. Animal Production 46: 523 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Dirar, H. A., Harper, D. B. and Collins, M. A. 1985. Biochemical and microbiological studies on kawal, a meat substitute derived by fermentation of Cassia obtusifolia leaves. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 36: 881–892.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luce, W. G., Johnson, R. K. and Walters, L. E. 1976. Effects of levels of crude protein on performance of growing boars. Journal of Animal Science 42: 1207–1210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McCracken, K. J. and Stockdale, R. I. 1989. Voluntary feed intake of pigs of higher genetic potential fed pellets to appetite: effects of sex and dietary protein content. In Voluntary Food Intake of Pigs (ed. Forbes, J. M., Varley, M. A., Lawrence, T. L. J.). British Society of Animal Production Occasional Publication No. 13, pp. 117–118.Google Scholar
National Research Council. 1988. Nutrient Requirements of Swine. 9th ed. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Patterson, D. C. 1985. The effect of nutrient density of the diet and of a change in nutrient density on the performance of pigs fed ad libitum for bacon. Animal Production 40: 169–174.Google Scholar
Siebrits, F. K., Kemm, E. H., Ras, M. N. and Barnes, P. M. 1986. Protein deposition in pigs as influenced by sex, type and live mass. 1. The pattern and composition of protein deposition. South African Journal of Animal Science 16: 23–27.Google Scholar
Speer, V. C., Lasley, E. L., Ashton, G. C., Hazel, L. N. and Catron, D. V. 1957. Protein levels for growing boars on pasture and concrete drylot. Journal of Animal Science 16: 607–611.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stranks, M. H., Cooke, B. C., Fairbairn, C. B., Fowler, N. G., Kirby, P. S., McCracken, K. J., Morgan, C. A., Palmer, F. G. and Peers, D. G. 1988. Nutrient allowances for growing pigs. Research and Development in Agriculture 5: 71–88.Google Scholar
Tyler, R. W., Luce, W. G., Johnson, R. K., Maxwell, C. V., Hintz, R. L. and Walters, L. E. 1983. The effects of level of crude protein on performance of growing boars. Journal of Animal Science 57: 364–372.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, T. C. and Fuller, M. F. 1987. An optimal dietary amino acid pattern for growing pigs. Animal Production 44: 486 (Abstr.).Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1983. Development of recommended energy and protein allowances for growing pigs. Agricultural Systems 11: 159–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. and Fawcett, R. H. 1976. Theoretical aspects of a flexible model to simulate protein and lipid growth in pigs. Animal Production 12: 87–96.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T., Tullis, J. B. and Emmans, G. E. 1988. Protein growth in pigs. Animal Production 46: 437–445.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, W. D., Cromwell, G. L., Stahly, T. S. and Overfield, J. R. 1984. The lysine requirement of growing boar versus barrow. Journal of Animal Science 58: 657–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yen, H. T., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1986a. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 7. The response of pigs from 25 to 55 kg live weight to dietary ideal protein. Animal Production 43: 141–154.Google Scholar
Yen, H. T., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1986b. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 8. The response of pigs from 50 to 90 kg live weight to dietary ideal protein. Animal Production 43: 155–165.Google Scholar