Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T23:56:53.447Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Protein, fat and carbohydrates in the diets of pigs between 7 and 28 days of age

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

R. H. Wilson  and
Jane Leibholz
R. H. Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
Jane Leibholz
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Husbandry, University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
Get access

Abstract

In two experiments, pigs were weaned at 4 to 5 days of age and offered dry diets based on milk proteins and tallow. Live-weight gains between 7 and 28 days of age were 220 g/day with feed conversion ratios of 0·80 when the optimum diets were given.

Expt 1 was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with eight pigs per treatment. There were two sources of carbohydrate, lactose and wheat starch, two levels of fat, 40 and 250 g/kg and two levels of crude protein, 140 and 250 g/kg of the diet. There was no significant difference in the performance of pigs when they were fed lactose or wheat starch as the source of carbohydrate. However, the feed intake of the pigs and their weight gains and apparent digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen were lower when the diets contained 250 g fat/kg than when the diets contained 40 g fat/kg.

In Expt 2 six diets were fed to 12 pigs each. The diets contained 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 or 300 g/kg of crude protein. Weight gains and nitrogen retention showed a positive correlation (r = 0·997) with the dietary nitrogen intake but there was no statistical increase in these parameters above the 270 g crude protein/kg level. The apparent digestibilities of dry matter and nitrogen showed a similar trend. A value of 141 mg nitrogen/day per kg M0·75 was estimated as the metabolic endogenous loss of nitrogen.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , June 1979 , pp. 391 - 402
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1979

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists. 1970. Official Methods of Analysis. 11th ed. Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Becker, D. E., Ullrey, D. E. and Terrill, S. W. 1954. Protein and amino acid intakes for optimum growth rate in the young pig. J. Anim. Sci. 13: 346–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braude, R. 1964. Problems in pig rearing. Proc. Conf. Eur. Ass. Anim. Prod., Rome, Italy, pp. 63–68.Google Scholar
Braude, R., Mitchell, K. G., Newport, M. J. and Porter, J. W. G. 1970. Artificial rearing of pigs. I. Effect of frequency and level of feeding on performance and digestion of milk proteins. Br. J. Nutr. 24: 501–516.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braude, R. and Newport, M. J. 1973. Artificial rearing of pigs. 4. The replacement of butterfat in a whole milk diet by either beef tallow, coconut oil or soybean oil. Br. J. Nutr. 29: 447–455.Google Scholar
Buraczewski, S., Porter, J. W. G., Rolls, B. A. and Zebrowska, T. 1971. The course of digestion of different food proteins in the rat. 2. The effect of feeding carbohydrate with proteins. Br. J. Nutr. 25: 299–306.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carlson, W. E. and Bayley, H. S. 1972. Preparation and use of a glyceryl triether as an indicator for fat absorption. Br. J. Nutr. 28: 295–305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Carr, J. R., Boorman, K. N. and Cole, D. J. A. 1977. Nitrogen retention in the pig. Br.J. Nutr. 37: 143–155.Google Scholar
Chaney, A. L. and Marbach, E. P. 1962. Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin. Chem. 8: 130–132.Google Scholar
Cline, T. R., Coalson, J. A., Lecce, J. G. and Jones, E. E. 1977. Utilization of fat by baby pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 44: 72–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eusebio, J. A., Hays, V. W., Speer, V. C. and McCall, J. T. 1965. Utilization of fat by young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 2A: 1001–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Freeman, C. P., Noakes, D. E., Annison, E. F. and Hill, K. J. 1968. Quantitative aspects of intestinal fat absorption in young pigs. Br. J. Nutr. 22: 739–749.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frobish, L. T., Hays, V. W., Speer, V. C. and Ewan, R. C. 1969. Effect of diet form and emulsifying agents on fat utilization by young pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 29: 320–324.Google Scholar
Harper, A. E., Katayama, M. C. and Jelinek, B. 1952. The influence of dietary carbohydrate on levels of amino acids in the feces of the white rat. Can. J. med. Sci. 30: 578–584.Google Scholar
Kirchgessner, M. and Kellner, B. B. 1972. Nitrogen and energy retention in early weaned pigs fed a diet of dried skim milk and casein. Arch. Tiererndhr. 22: 249–265.Google Scholar
Leibbrandt, V. C., Ewan, R. C., Speer, V. C. and Zimmerman, D. R. 1975. Effect of age and calorie protein ratio on performance and body composition of baby pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 40: 1070–1076.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lucas, I. A. M. and Lodge, G. A. 1961. The nutrition of the young pig. Tech. Commun. No. 22, Commonw. Bur. Anim. Nutr. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, England.Google Scholar
Manners, M. J. and McCrea, M. R. 1962. Protein requirements of baby pigs on low-fat diets. Br. J. Nutr. 16: 475–482.Google Scholar
Muller, H. L. and Kirchgessner, M. 1974a. Studies on the nitrogen requirements of early weaned pigs. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. 33: 98–107.Google Scholar
Muller, H. L. and Kirchgessner, M. 1974b. The protein and energy requirements of piglets. Z. Tierphysiol. Tierernähr. Futtermittelk. 33: 113–121.Google ScholarPubMed
National Research Council. 1973. Nutrient Requirement of Swine. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Rerat, A. 1972. Protein nutrition and metabolism in the growing pig. Nutr. Abstr. Rev. 42: 13–39.Google ScholarPubMed
Sklan, D., Hurwitz, S., Budowski, P. and Ascarelli, I. 1975. Fat digestion and absorption in chicks fed heated or raw soybean meal. J. Nutr. 105: 57–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1960. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co, New York.Google Scholar
Thorbek, G. and Ludvigsen, J. B. 1961. The effect on the nitrogen metabolism in artificially reared piglets by feeding different sources of carbohydrates. Proc. 8th int. Congr. Anim. Prod., Hamburg, 1961, pp. 114–116.Google Scholar
Wilbur, R. D., Catron, D. V., Quinn, L. Y., Speer, V. C. and Hays, V. W. 1960. Intestinal flora of the pig as influenced by diet and age. J. Nutr. 71: 168–175.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yeh, T. P. and Tzeng, K. 1973. Studies on milk replacers for baby pigs weaned at one week of age. I. Carbohydrate sources and optimum protein levels in diets. Ann. Res. Rept., Animal Industry Research Institute, Taiwan Sugar Corporation, pp. 53–61.Google Scholar