Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T22:21:19.107Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Interactions between supplementary nitrogen source and ration energy density on performance and nitrogen utilization in growing and fattening male cattle

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

Z. Holzer ,
D. Levy ,
V. Samuel  and
I. Bruckenthal
Z. Holzer
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Regional Experiment Station, Haifa, Israel
D. Levy
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Regional Experiment Station, Haifa, Israel
V. Samuel
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Regional Experiment Station, Haifa, Israel
I. Bruckenthal
Affiliation:
Agricultural Research Organization, Institute of Animal Science, Rehovot, Israel
Get access

Abstract

Four diets containing 9·6 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per kg dry matter (DM) (LMEC), and four diets containing 11·3 MJ/kg DM (HMEC) were formulated. One diet of each ME concentration contained 90 g crude protein (CP) per kg DM and served as a negative control (NC). In the three other diets of each ME concentration, the level of CP was raised to 140 g/kg DM by inclusion of poultry litter (PL), non-protein nitrogen (NPN) or fish meal (FM). These diets were examined in a digestion and N balance trial and in a feeding trial.

For the NC, PL, NPN and FM subtreatments of the LMEC diets, DM intakes were 107·1, 112·4, 100·6 and 130·2 g/kg M075 respectively; digestibility coefficients of organic matter (OM) were 0·64, 0·70, 0·67 and 0·71 respectively; and N retention 0·40, 0·76, 0·53 and 1·21 g/kg M075 respectively. For the respective subtreatments of the HMEC diets, the values were: 100·4, 119·4, 109·3, 107·5 for DM intake; 0·64, 0·73, 0·73, 0·73 for digestibility coefficients of OM and 0·40, 0·87, 1·06 and 1·03 g/kg M075 for N retention.

Daily gain on the respective diets in the first 130 days of the feeding trial was 0·85, 0·90, 0·91, 1·04 kg for the LMEC and 1·09, 1·21, 119, 1·24 kg for the HMEC diets, and from the 131st day to slaughter was 0·98, 1·02, 100, 1·08 kg for the LMEC and 1·03, 1·02, 1·07, 1·05 kg for the HMEC diets respectively. Daily carcass gain was 0·49, 0·51, 0·51, 0·53 kg for the LMEC and 0·55, 0·59, 0·59, 0·60 kg for the HMEC diets, respectively.

The relationship between ME concentration in the diet and source of CP is discussed.

Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 42 , Issue 1 , February 1986 , pp. 19 - 28
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1986

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1970. Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 11th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Baumgart, B. R. 1970. Control of feed intake in the regulation of energy balance. In Physiology of Digestion and Metabolism in the Ruminant (ed. Phillipson, A. T.), pp. 235–253. Oriel Press, Newcastle upon Tyne.Google Scholar
Bines, J. A. and Napper, D. J. 1973. The effect of urea on the intake of straw by fat cows and thin cows. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 32: 76A–77A (Abstr.).Google ScholarPubMed
Burroughs, W., Trenkle, A. H. and Vetter, R. L. 1974. Metabolizable protein (amino acid) feeding standards for cattle and sheep fed rations containing either alpha-amino or non-protein nitrogen. Iowa State Univ. A. S. Leaflet R 190, pp. 1–4. Ames, la.Google Scholar
Byers, F. M. 1982. Protein growth and turnover in cattle. Systems for measurement and biological limits. Proc. Symp. Protein Requirements for Cattle, Oklahoma MP 109, Oklahoma State Univ., pp. 141–166.Google Scholar
Clare, N. T. and Stevenson, Audrey E. 1964. Measurement of feed intake by grazing cattle and sheep. X. Determination of nitrogen in faeces and feeds using an Autoanalyzer. N.Z. Jl agric. Res. 7: 198–204.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colovos, N. F., Holter, J. B., Davis, H. A. and Urban, W. E. Jr, 1976. Urea for lactating dairy cattle. I. Effect of concentrate fiber and urea levels on nutritive value of the ration. J. Dairy Sci. 50: 518–522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cottyn, B. G. and Boucque, C. V. 1968. Rapid method for the gas-chromatographic determination of volatile fatty acids in rumen fluid. J. agric. Fd Chem. 16: 105–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coulombe, J. J. and Favreau, L. 1963. A new simple semi-micro method for the colorimetric determination of urea. Clin. Chem. 9: 102–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duncan, D. B. 1955. Multiple range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11: 1–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, T. W. 1978. Effects of variations in energy and protein intake on digestibility, nitrogen balance and carcass composition in British Friesian castrate male cattle. Anim. Prod. 26: 233–243.Google Scholar
Hagemeister, H., Lupping, W. and Kaufmann, W. 1981. Microbial protein synthesis and digestion in the high-yielding dairy cow. In Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition — 1980 (ed. Haresign, W.), pp. 67–84. Butterworth, London.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hale, W. H., Theurer, B., Forrest, D., Dryden, F. D. and Marchello, J. A. 1977. Roughage and protein levels, rumensin and dolomite for steer calves. Arizona Cattle Feeders Day, Univ. Arizona, pp. 1–6.Google Scholar
Hemingway, R. G., Parkins, J. J. and Ritchie, N. S. 1972. Comparative effects of oral administration of urea and urea phosphate on the concentrations of ammonia and urea in the blood of sheep. Br. vet. J. 128: LXXXII.Google ScholarPubMed
Holzer, Z. and Levy, D. 1976. Poultry litter as a protein supplement for beef cattle fed fibrous diets. Wld Rev. Anim. Prod. XII: (1), 91–95.Google Scholar
Kay, M. and MacDearmid, A. 1972. A note on the need for supplementary nitrogen in diets for fattening beef cattle. Anim. Prod. 14: 367–369.Google Scholar
Levy, D., Holzer, Z., Folman, Y., Bleiberg, M. and Ilan, D. 1980. Protein requirements of male cattle fattened on diets differing in energy concentration. Anim. Prod. 30: 189–197.Google Scholar
Levy, D., Holzer, Z. and Volcani, R. 1968. The effect of age and live weight on feed conversion and yield of saleable meat of intact Israeli Friesian male calves. Anim. Prod. 10: 325–330.Google Scholar
Martin, T. G., Perry, T. W., Beeson, W. M. and Mohler, M. T. 1978. Protein levels for bulls: comparison of three continuous dietary levels on growth and carcass traits. J. Anim. Sci. 47: 29–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldham, J. D., Broster, W. H., Napper, D. J. and Siviter, J. W. 1979. The effect of a low-protein ration on milk yield and plasma metabolites in Friesian heifers during early lactation. Br. J. Nutr. 42: 149–162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Roy, J. H. B., Balch, C. C., Miller, E. L., ørskov, E. R. and Smith, R. H. 1977. Calculation of the N-requirement for ruminants from nitrogen metabolism studies. In Protein Metabolism and Nutrition. Proc. 2nd int. Symp., pp. 126–129. PUDOC, Wageningen.Google Scholar
Smith, T., Broster, Valerie J. and Hill, R. E. 1980a. A comparison of sources of supplementary nitrogen for young cattle receiving fibre-rich diets, J. agric. Sci., Camb. 95: 687–695.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, T., Broster, W. H. and Siviter, J. W. 1980b. An assessment of barley straw and oat hulls as energy sources for yearling cattle. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 95: 677–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, T., Siviter, J. W. and Broster, W. H. 1983. A comparison of two methods of NaOH treatment of spring barley straw with untreated straw and hay. J. agric. Sci., Camb. 100: 343–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sutton, J. D., Knight, R., McAllan, A. B. and Smith, R. H. 1983. Digestion and synthesis in the rumen of sheep given diets supplemented with free and protected oils. Br. J. Nutr. 49: 419–432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tagari, H., Ben-Gedalia, D. and Zambel, S. 1976a. Urea phosphate as a partial protein replacer in sheep concentrate diets. Anim. Prod. 23: 81–88.Google Scholar
Tagari, H., Levy, D., Holzer, Z. and Ilan, D. 1976b. Poultry litter for intensive beef production. Anim. Prod. 23: 317–327.Google Scholar
Young, A. W. 1978. Supplemental protein withdrawal from corn-corn silage rations: effect of weight and corn intake at withdrawal. J. Anim. Sci. 46: 505–514.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zinn, R. A. and Owens, F. N. 1983. Site of protein digestion in steers: predictability. J. Anim. Sci. 56: 707–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed