Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T21:42:16.172Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of lysine/digestible energy ratio on growth performance and nitrogen deposition of hybrid boars, gilts and castrated male pigs

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

T. A. Van Lunen  and
D. J. A. Cole
T. A. Van Lunen
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD
D. J. A. Cole
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD
Get access

Abstract

An experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary lysine/digestible energy (DE) ratio (g/MJ) on growth performance and body composition of boars, gilts and castrated males from 25 to 90 kg live weight. Twelve pigs (four of each sex) were assigned to each dietary treatment consisting of lysine/DE ratios from 0·4 to 1·4, in 0·2 g/MJ increments. Food was provided at proportionately 0·90 ad libitum and at 90 kg all pigs were slaughtered and the body composition of two pigs per sex per treatment was determined. Responses to lysine/DE ratios were similar for all sexes up to the optimum level after which daily live-weight gain (DLWG) and nitrogen deposition rate (NDR) deteriorated in gilts and castrated males. This deterioration may have been due to energy used for deamination of excess protein not being availablefor growth processes. Lipid deposition rate (LDR) remained constant from the 0·4 to 0·8 g/MJ lysine/DE ratios and then decreased sharply to a lower plateau from the 1·0 to 1·4 g/MJ lysine/DE ratios suggesting that DE levels were adequate to meet NDR requirements up to the 1·0 g/MJ lysine/DE ratio when it became limiting. The optimum lysine/DE ratio for the genotype tested from 25 to 90 kg live weight was of the order of 0·95 to 1·0 g/MJ. The maximum NDR of the genotype tested appears to be of the order of 28 to 30 g/day (175 to 187 g/day protein deposition rate).

Keywords

digestible energylysinenitrogenpigssex
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Science , Volume 63 , Issue 3 , December 1996 , pp. 465 - 475
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1981. The nutrient requirements of pigs. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1980. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Bass, J. J., Butler-Hogg, B. W. and Kirton, A. H. 1990. Practical methods of controlling fatness in farm animals. In Reducing fat in meat animals (ed. Wood, J. D. and Fisher, A. V.). Eisevier Applied Science, London.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S. 1994. Protein and energy relationships for growing pigs. In Principles of pig science (ed. Cole, D. J. A., Wiseman, J. and Varley, M. A.), pp. 107–121. Nottingham University Press, Sutton Bonington.Google Scholar
Batterham, E. S., Giles, L. R. and Dettman, E. B. 1985. Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs. 1. Effect of food intake, sex and live weight on the responses of growing pigs to lysine concentration. Animal Production. 40: 331–343.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. 1987. Energy and protein relationships in the young pig. Pig Nexus and Information. 8: 295–300.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. 1988. Nutritional constraints to lean tissue accretion in farm animals. Nutrition Research Revieivs. 1: 233–253.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Campbell, R. G. 1990. The effects of protein deposition capacity on the growing pig requirements for dietary nutrients. Proceedings of the Arkansas Nutrition September 12–14, pp. 117–124.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Johnson, R. J., King, R. H. and Taverner, M. R. 1990. Effects of gender and genotype on the response of growing pigs to exogenous administration of porcine growth hormone, journal ofAnimal Science. 68: 2674–2681.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G. and Taverner, M. R. 1988. Relationships between energy intake and protein and energy metabolism, growth and body composition of pigs kept at 14 or 32°C from 9·20 kg. livestock Production Science. 18: 289–303.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curie, D. M. 1983. The influence of feeding level from 20·45 kg live weight on the performance and body composition of female and entire male pigs. Animal Production. 36: 193–199.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curie, D. M. 1984. Effect of feeding level and dietary protein content on the growth, body composition and rate of protein deposition in pigs growing from 45 to 90 kg. Animal Production. 38: 233–240.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curie, D. M. 1985. The influence of feeding level on the protein requirement of pigs between 20·45 kg live weight. Animal Production. 40: 489–496.Google Scholar
Campbell, R. G., Taverner, M. R. and Curie, D. M. 1988. The effects of sex and live weight on the growing pig's response to dietary protein. Animal Production. 46: 123–130.Google Scholar
Chadd, S. A., Cole, D. J. A. and Walters, J. R. 1993. The food intake, performance and carcass characteristics of two pig genotypes grown to 120 kg live weight. Animal Production. 57: 473–481.Google Scholar
Cooke, R., Lodge, G. A. and Lewis, D. 1972. Influence of energy and protein concentration in the diet on the performance of growing pigs. 1. Response to protein intake on a high energy diet. Animal Production. 14: 35–44.Google Scholar
Cromwell, G. L., Cline, T. R., Crenshaw, J. D., Crenshaw, T. D., Ewan, R. C., Hamilton, C. R. and Lewis, A. J. 1993. The dietary protein and (or) lysine requirements of barrows and gilts, journal ofAnimal Science. 71: 1510–1519.Google ScholarPubMed
Es, A. J. H. van. 1980. Energy costs of protein deposition. In Protein deposition in animals (ed. Buttery, P. J. and Lindsay, D.), pp. 215–224. Butterworths, London.Google Scholar
Friesen, K. G., Nelssen, J. L., Unruh, J. A., Goodband, R. D. and Tokach, M. D. 1994. Effects of the interrelationship between genotype, sex, and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass composition in finishing pigs fed to either 104 or 127 kilograms. Journal of Animal Science. 72: 946–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fuller, M. F., Wood, J., Brewer, A. C., Pennie, K. and McWilliam, R. 1986. The response of growing pigs to dietary lysine, as free lysine hydrochloride or in soya-bean meal, and the influence of food intake. Animal Production. 43: 447–484.Google Scholar
Genstat 5 Committee. 1987. Genstat 5 reference manual Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Giles, L. R., Batterham, E. S. and Dettmann, E. B. 1986. Amino acid and energy interactions in growing pigs. 2. Effects of food intake, sex and live weight on responses to lysine concentration in barley-based diets. Animal Production. 42: 133–144.Google Scholar
Greef, K. H. de and Verstegen, M. W. A. 1993. Partitioning of protein and lipid deposition in the body of growing pigs. Livestock Production Science 35: 317–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, C. W., Carr, J. R. and Pearson, G. 1980. Some aspects of the energy and nitrogen metabolism of boars, gilts and barrows given diets containing different concentrations of protein. Animal Production. 31: 279–289.Google Scholar
Kyriazakis, I. and Emmans, G. C. 1992. The effects of varying protein and energy intakes on the growth and body composition of pigs. 1. The effects of energy intake at constant, high protein intake. British journal of Nutrition. 68: 615–625.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kyriazakis, I., Emmans, G. C. and Taylor, A. J. 1992. The relationship between food composition and the efficiency of protein utilization in young pigs. Animal Production 54: 453 (abstr.).Google Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1990a. Protein requirements of boars of high genetic potential for lean growth. Animal Production. 51: 179–187.Google Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1990b. Effects of protein intake on energy and nitrogen balance and chemical composition of gain in growing boars of high genetic potential. Animal Production. 51: 389–397.Google Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1991. Effects of energy intake on protein and energy metabolism of boars of high genetic potential for lean growth. Animal Production. 52: 499–507.Google Scholar
Rao, D. S. and McCracken, K. J. 1992. Energy: protein interactions in growing boars of high genetic potential for lean growth. 1. Effects on growth, carcass characteristics and organ weights. Animal Production. 54: 75–82.Google Scholar
Van Lunen, T. A. and Cole, D. J. A. 1995. Growth and nitrogen deposition of hybrid pigs from 10 to 150 kg live weight, journal of Animal Science 3: (suppl. 1) 137.Google Scholar
Van Lunen, T. A. and Cole, D. J. A. 1996. Energy-amino acid interactions in modern pig genotypes. In Recent advances in animal nutrition (ed. Wiseman, J. and Garnsworthy, P.), pp. 233–261. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.Google Scholar
Whittemore, C. T. 1993. The science and practice of pig production. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow. Whittemore, C. T. 1994 Growth and the simulation of animal responses. In Principles of pig science (ed. Cole, D. J. A, Wiseman, J. and Varley, M. A.), pp. 55–73. Nottingham University Press, Nottingham.Google Scholar
Williams, W. D., Cromwell, G. L., Stahly, T. S. and Overfield, J. R. 1984. The lysine requirement of the growing boar versus barrow. Journal of Animal Science. 58: 657–665.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yen, H. T., Cole, D. J. A. and Lewis, D. 1986. Amino acid requirements of growing pigs. 8. The response of pigs from 50·90 kg live weight to dietary ideal protein. Animal Production. 43: 155–165.Google Scholar