Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T13:05:38.389Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of fish-oil supplementation on levels of (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids in the lipoprotein fractions of bovine plasma

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 August 2016

N.W. Offer ,
B.K. Speake ,
J. Dixon  and
M. Marsden
N.W. Offer*
Affiliation:
Food Systems Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
B.K. Speake
Affiliation:
Food Systems Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
J. Dixon
Affiliation:
Food Systems Division, Scottish Agricultural College, Auchincruive, Ayr KA6 5HW, UK
M. Marsden
Affiliation:
ABN House, PO Box 250, Peterborough PE2 9QF, UK
*
†E-mail:[email protected]
Get access

Abstract

Eight mid-lactation Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were used in an experiment to investigate whether poor transfer to milk of (n-3) long chain (≥C20) poly-unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFA), from diets containing fish oil, is related to their mode of transport in plasma lipoproteins. The cows were split into two groups of four, each of which was housed with 24 other cows which did not provide blood data in this experiment. All cows received a basal diet ad libitum consisting of (kg/t dry matter) silage (539), grain distillers’ grains (148), rolled barley (248) and soya (65). All cows also received a mid-day meal of 2·76 kg per cow per day of molassed sugar-beet shreds. The control group (C) received no oil supplement but those in the treatment group (F) received 300 g per cow per day of fish oil absorbed onto the sugar-beet shreds. Fish oil inclusion progressively depressed milk fat concentration of the four cows from each group over the 3 weeks of the experiment so that levels were approximately 20 g/kg lower for cows in treatment F than for those in C (P < 0·05). Mean concentrations over all cows of the long-chain (≥C20, n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat (g/100 g) were 0·12 and 0·54 for treatments C and F respectively, whilst corresponding output in milk (g/day) increased from 116 to 3·91, an average efficiency of transfer of 4·6%. The fatty acid compositions of the lipoproteins were measured in plasma samples from the four cows from each group after 3 weeks on the experimental diets The proportions (g/100 g fatty acids) of C20: 5 (n-3) in cholesteryl (CE) and phospholipid (PL) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the plasma were respectively increased from 0·97 to 4·39 (P < 0·05) and from 1·15 to 4·74 (P < 0·01) by the fish-oil supplementation. For C22: 6 (n-3), the proportions in CE and PL of HDL respectively increased (P < 0·001) from 0·02 to 0·23 and from 0·16 to 2·18 as a result of the supplementation. The mean proportions (g/100 g fatty acids) of C20: 5 (n-3) and C22: 6 (n-3) in the triglyceride fraction of very low-density lipoprotein were 1·05 and 2·3 respectively and were not significantly altered by fish-oil supplementation (P > 0·05). It is suggested that the low transfer efficiency of (n-3) LCPUFA to the milk is partly due to their transport in the plasma largely as components of HDL lipids which are unavailable to the mammary gland.

Keywords

lipoproteinsmilkplasmapolyenoic fatty acids.
Type
Ruminant nutrition, behaviour and production
Information
Animal Science , Volume 73 , Issue 3 , December 2001 , pp. 523 - 531
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 2001

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ashes, J. R., Gulati, S. K., Kitessa, S. M., Fleck, E. and Scott, T. W. 2000. Utilisation of rumen protected n-3 fatty acids by ruminants. In Recent advances in animal nutrition, 2000 (ed. Garnsworthy, P. C. and Wiseman, J.), pp. 129–140. Nottingham University Press.Google Scholar
Ashes, J. R., Siebert, B. D., Gulati, S. K., Cuthbertson, A. Z. and Scott, T. W. 1992. Incorporation of (n-3) fatty acids of fish oil into tissue and serum lipids of ruminants. Lipids 27: 629–631.Google Scholar
Barber, M. C., Clegg, R. A., Travers, M. T. and Vernon, R. G. 1997. Lipid metabolism in the lactating mammary gland. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1347: 101–126.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y., Ferlay, A., Mansbridge, R. M. and Doreau, M. 2000. Ruminant milk plasticity: nutritional control of saturated, polyunsaturated, trans and conjugated fatty acids. Annales de Zootechnie 49: 181–205.Google Scholar
Chilliard, Y., Gagliostro, G., Flechet, J., Lefaivre, J. and Sebastian, I. 1991. Duodenal rapeseed oil infusion in early and midlactational cows. 5. Milk fatty acids and adipose tissue lipogenic activities. Journal of Dairy Science 74: 1844–1854.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christie, W. W. 1984. Lipid analysis. Pergamon Press, London.Google Scholar
Christie, W. W., Noble, R. C. and Clegg, R. A. 1986. The hydrolysis of very low density lipoproteins and chylomicrons of intestinal origin by lipoprotein lipase in ruminants. Lipids 21: 252–253.Google Scholar
Clewer, A. G. and Scarisbrick, D. H. 2001. Practical statistics and experimental design for plant and crop science. John Wiley and Sons Ltd.Google Scholar
Committee on Medical Aspects of Food. 1994. Report on health and social subjects no. 46. Google Scholar
Demeyer, D. and Doreau, M. 1999. Targets and procedures for altering ruminant meat and milk lipids. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58: 593–607.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewhurst, R. J., Mitton, A. M., Offer, N. W. and Thomas, C. 1996. Effects of the composition of grass silages on milk production and nitrogen utilization by dairy cows. Animal Science 62: 25–34.Google Scholar
Doreau, M. and Chilliard, Y. 1997. Effects of ruminal or postruminal fish oil supplementation on intake and digestion in dairy cows. Reproduction, Nutrition, Development 37: 113–124.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gaynor, P. J., Waldo, D. R., Capuco, A. V., Erdman, R. A., Douglass, L. W. and Teter, B. B. 1995. Milk fat depression, the glucogenic theory and trans-C18:1 fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 78: 2008–2015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griinari, J. M., Nurmela, K. V. V. and Bauman, D. E. 1997. Trans-10 isomer of octadecenoic acid corresponds with milk fat depression. Journal of Dairy Science 80: (suppl. 1) 204 (abstr. ).Google Scholar
Gulati, S. K., Ashes, J. R. and Scott, T. W. 1999. Hydrogenation of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and their incorporation into milk fat. Animal Feed Science and Technology 79: 57–64.Google Scholar
Hagemeister, H., Precht, D. and Barth, C. A. 1988. Studies on the transfer of omega-3 fatty acids into bovine milk fat. Milchwissenschaft 43: 153–158.Google Scholar
Hansen, H. O. and Knudsen, J. 1987. Effect of exogenous long-chain fatty acids on lipid biosynthesis in dispersed ruminant mammary gland epithelial cells: esterification of exogenous long-chain fatty acids. Journal of Dairy Science 70: 1344–1349.Google Scholar
Ip, C., Scimeca, J. A. and Thompson, H. J. 1994. Conjugated linoleic acid. A powerful anticarcinogen from animal fat sources. Cancer 74: 1050–1054.Google ScholarPubMed
Kramer, J. K. G., Fellner, V., Dugan, M. E. R., Sauer, F. D., Mossoba, M. M. and Yurawecz, M. P. 1997. Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids 32: 1219–1228.Google Scholar
Lawes Agricultural Trust. 1987. Genstat 5 reference manual. Clarendon Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Mackness, M. I. and Durrington, P. N. 1992. Lipoprotein separation and analysis for clinical studies. In Lipoprotein analysis: a practical approach (ed. Converse, C. A. and Skinner, E. R.), pp. 1–42. IRL Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Melin, T., Qi, C., Bengtsson-Olivecrona, G., Akesson, B. and Nilsson, A. 1991. Hydrolysis of chylomicron polyenoic fatty acid esters with lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1075: 259–266.Google Scholar
Moore, J. H. and Christie, W. W. 1979. Lipid metabolism in the mammary gland of ruminant animals. Progress in Lipid Research 17: 347–395.Google Scholar
Nettleton, J. A. 1994. Omega-3 fatty acids and health. Chapman and Hall, New York.Google Scholar
Offer, N. W., Cottrill, B. R. and Thomas, C. 1996. The relationship between silage evaluation and animal response. In Proceedings of the 11th international silage conference, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, pp. 26–38.Google Scholar
Offer, N. W., Marsden, M., Dixon, J., Speake, B. K. and Thacker, F. E. 1999. Effect of dietary fat supplements on levels of (n-3) poly-unsaturated fatty acids, trans acids and conjugated linoleic acid in bovine milk. Animal Science 69: 613–625.Google Scholar
Olivecrona, T. and Bengtsson-Olivecrona, G. 1987. Milk lipoprotein lipase. In Lipoprotein lipase (ed. Borensztajn, J.), pp. 15–58. Evener, Chicago.Google ScholarPubMed
Palmquist, D. L. 1976. A kinetic concept of lipid transport in ruminants. A review. Journal of Dairy Science 59: 355–363.Google Scholar
Palmquist, D. L., Beaulieu, A. D. and Barbano, D. M. 1993. Feed and animal factors influencing milk fat composition. Journal of Dairy Science 76: 1753–1771.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Palmquist, D. L. and Kinsey, D. J. 1994. Lipolysis and biohydrogenation of fish oil by ruminal microorganisms. Journal of Animal Science 72: (suppl. 1) 350 (abstr. ).Google Scholar
Palmquist, D. L. and Mattos, W. 1978. Turnover of lipoproteins and transfer to milk of dietary (1-carbon-14) linoleic acid in lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 61: 561–565.Google Scholar
Parodi, P. W. 1997. Cows’ milk fat components as potential anticarcinogenic agents. Journal of Nutrition 127: 1055–1060.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pennington, J. A. and Davis, C. L. 1975. Effects of intraruminal and intra-abomasal additions of cod-liver oil on milk fat production in the dairy cow. Journal of Dairy Science 58: 49–55.Google Scholar
Scow, R. O. and Chernick, S. S. 1987. Lipoprotein lipase during lactation. In Lipoprotein lipase (ed. Borensztajn, J.), pp. 149–185. Evener, Chicago.Google Scholar
Selner, D. R. and Schultz, L. H. 1980. Effects of feeding oleic acid or hydrogenated vegetable oils to lactating cows. Journal of Dairy Science 63: 1235–1241.Google Scholar
Skinner, E. R. 1992. The separation and analysis of high-density (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subfractions. In Lipoprotein analysis: a practical approach (ed. Converse, C. A. and Skinner, E. R.), pp. 85–118. IRL Press, Oxford.Google Scholar
Speake, B. K., Noble, R. C. and McCartney, R. J. 1993. Tissue-specific changes in lipid composition and lipoprotein lipase activity during development of the chick embryo. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1165: 263–270.Google Scholar
Wachira, A. M., Sinclair, L. A., Wilkinson, R. G., Hallett, K., Enser, M. and Wood, J. D. 1998. Rumen biohydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their effect on microbial efficiency in sheep. Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science 1998, p. 36 (abstr. ).Google Scholar
Wonsil, B. J., Herbein, J. H. and Watkins, B. A. 1994. Dietary and ruminally derived trans-C18:1 fatty acids alter bovine milk lipids. Journal of Nutrition 124: 556–565.Google Scholar