Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dsjbd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T18:56:07.046Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of energy and nitrogen supply pattern on rumen bacterial growth in vitro

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2010

P. H. Henning ,
D. G. Steyn  and
H. H. Meissner
P. H. Henning
Affiliation:
Animal and Dairy Science Research Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene, 1675, Republic of South Africa
D. G. Steyn
Affiliation:
Animal and Dairy Science Research Institute, Private Bag X2, Irene, 1675, Republic of South Africa
H. H. Meissner
Affiliation:
Department of Livestock Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0001, Republic of South Africa
Get access

Abstract

The effect of energy and nitrogen (N) supply pattern on rumen bacterial growth was investigated in vitro. In experiment 1, glucose was was fed to batch cultures of mixed rumen bacteria according to three patterns namely a pulse dose at time zero (P); even increments at 0·5-h intervals (G) or an intermediate pattern (I), whilst N was supplied in excess. In experiment 2, glucose and N (not in excess) were fed to batch cultures according to four patterns namely glucose and N as pulse doses at time zero, (EPNP); glucose as a pulse dose at time zero and N in 24 even increments at 0·5-h intervals (EPNG); glucose in 24 even increments at 0·5-h intervals and N as a pulse dose at time zero (EGNP) or both glucose and N in 24 even increments at 0·5-h intervals (EGNG). Fermentaton was studied over a 12-h period for both experiments.

In experiment 1, bacterial growth efficiency and specific growth rate (39·8,35·5 and 29·9 (g bacterial dry matter (DM) per mol glucose utilized) and 0·33, 0·27 and 0·20 (fraction per h) for treatments P, I, and G respectively) differed significantly between glucose supply patterns. In experiment 2, bacterial growth efficiency and specific growth rate (33·8, 34·7, 25·9 and 22·5 (g baterial DM per mol glucose) and 0·21, 0·18, 0·14 and 0·13 (fraction per h) for treatments EPNP, EPNG, EGNP and EGNG respectively) differed significantly only between glucose supply patterns.

It is concluded that the pattern according to which a given amount of energy becomes available affects bacterial growth efficiency, with the fastest supply rate giving the highest efficiency and that, within accepted levels of N supply, synchronization between energy and N availability may be of less importance to bacterial growth efficiency than the energy supply pattern.

Keywords

energygrowthnitrogenrumen bacteria
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Production , Volume 53 , Issue 2 , October 1991 , pp. 165 - 175
Copyright
Copyright © British Society of Animal Science 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Agricultural Research Council. 1984. The nutrient requirements of ruminant livestock. Supplement no. 1. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, Slough.Google Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1984. Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14th ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Casper, D. P. and Schingoethe, D. J. 1989. Lactational response of dairy cows to diets varying in ruminal solubilities of carbohydrate and crude protein. Journal of Dairy Science 72: 928–941.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dawson, K. A. and Allison, M. J. 1989. Digestive disorders and nutritional toxicity. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (ed Hobson, P. N.), pp 445–460. Elsevier Applied Science, London.Google Scholar
Herrera-Saldana, R., Gomez-Alarcon, R., Torabi, M. and Huber, J. T. 1990. Influence of synchronizing protein and starch degradation in the rumen on nutrition utilization and microbial protein synthesis. Jounal of Dairy Science 73: 142–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaakkola, S. and Huhtanen, P. 1989. The effect of lactic acid on the microbial protein synthesis in the rumen of cattle. Asian Journal of Animal Science 2: 398–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, R. R. 1976. Influence of carbohydrate solubility on non-protein nitrogen utilization in the ruminant. Journal of Animal Science 43: 184–191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawes Agricultural Trust. 1984. GENSTAT V mark 404B. Rothamstead Experimental Station, Harpenden, Hertfordshire.Google Scholar
Maeng, W. J. 1975. Factors influencing rumen microbial growth rates and yields: effects of sources of nitrogen and energy. Ph.D. Thesis, University of California, Davis.Google Scholar
Mink, R. W. and Hespell, R. B. 1981. Longterm nutrient starvation of continuously cultured (glucose-limited) Selenomonas ruminantium. Journal of Bacteriology 148: 541–550CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Research Council. 1985. Ruminant nitrogen usage. National Academy of Science, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Nocek, J. E. and Russell, J. B. 1988. Protein and energy as an integrated system. Relationship of ruminal protein and carbohydrate availability to microbial synthesis and milk production. Journal of Dairy Science 71: 2070–2107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pirt, S. J. 1975. Principles of microbe and cell cultivation. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.Google Scholar
Pryce, J. D. 1969. A modification of the Barker-Summerson method for the determination of lactic acid. Analyst, London 94: 1151–1152.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rooke, J. A., Lee, N. H. and Armstrong, D. G. 1987. The effects of intraruminal infusions of urea, casein, glucose syrup and a mixture of casein and glucose syrup on nitrogen digestion in the rumen of cattle receiving grass-silage diets. British Journal of Nutrition 57: 89–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Russell, J. B. and Baldwin, R. L. 1978. Substrate preferences in rumen bacteria: evidence of catabolite regulatory mechanisms. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 36: 319–329.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, J. B., Cotta, M. A. and Dombrowski, D. B. 1981. Rumen bacterial competition in continuous culture: Streptococcus bovis versus Megasphaera elsdenii. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 41: 1394–1399.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, J. B. and Dombrowski, D. B. 1980. Effect of pH on the efficiency of growth by pure cultures of rumen bacteria in continuous culture. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 39: 604–610.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Russell, J. B. and Wallace, R. J. 1989. Energy yielding and consuming reactions. In The rumen microbial ecosystem (ed. Hobson, P. N.), pp. 185–215. Elsevier Applied Science, London.Google Scholar
Salter, D. N., Smith, R. H. and Hewitt, D. 1983. Factors affecting the capture of dietary nitrogen by microorganisms in the forestomachs of the young steer. Experiments with [15N] urea. British Journal of Nutrition 50: 427–435.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sniffen, C. J., Russell, J. B. and Van Soest, P. J. 1983. The influence of carbon source, nitrogen source and growth factors on rume n microbial growth. Proceedings of the Cornell nutrition conference for feed manufacturers, Cornell University, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Stern, M. D. 1986. Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in the rumen. Proceedings of the Cornell nutrition conference for feed manufacturers, Cornell University, Ithaca.Google Scholar
Streeter, M. N., Wagner, D. G., Owens, F. N. and Hibberd, C. A. 1989. Combination s of high-moisture harvested sorghum grain and dry-rolled corn: effects on site and extent of digestion in beef heifers. Journal of Animal Science 67: 1623–1633.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Strobel, H. J. and Russell, J. B. 1986. Effect of p H an d energy spillin g on bacterial protein synthesis by carbohydrate-limited cultures of mixed rumen bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science 69: 2941–2947.CrossRefGoogle Scholar