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Molecular genetic methods in the veterinary clinical bacteriology laboratory: current usage and future applications

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Hugh Y. Cai ,
Marie Archambault ,
Carlton L. Gyles  and
John F. Prescott
Hugh Y. Cai
Affiliation:
Laboratory Services Division, Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Marie Archambault
Affiliation:
Laboratory Services Division, Animal Health Laboratory, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
Carlton L. Gyles
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
John F. Prescott*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
*
*Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada E-mail: [email protected]
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Abstract

In the last 5 years, numerous molecular methods have been published for the detection and characterization of bacteria in the field of veterinary medicine. PCR has been the most commonly used technology. Although not currently used for clinical veterinary diagnosis, new technologies such as liquid-phase hybridization, real-time PCR, pathogen load determination and DNA/protein microarray have been described and have many possible applications in the clinical bacteriology laboratory because of their sensitivity and efficiency. This review describes the basic principles and application of recently published DNA-based molecular techniques for the purpose of veterinary clinical bacteriological diagnosis. It covers advances in probe hybridization technology, DNA/RNA amplification techniques and other molecular detection methods, including 16S rRNA analysis for bacterial characterization and DNA microarrays for bacterial detection. The review briefly summarizes the application of molecular methods for the diagnosis of specific important bacterial infections of animals, and for other animal pathogens that are slow or difficult to isolate in the clinical bacteriology laboratory. In addition, the molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and of bovine mastitis pathogens is briefly described and current commercially available tests are listed.

Keywords

molecular geneticsmethodsveterinaryclinical bacteriologymolecular beaconsdisplacement hybridizationpolymerase chain reaction (PCR)real-time PCR
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , December 2003 , pp. 73 - 94
Copyright
Copyright © CAB International 2003

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