Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:10:03.205Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Conjugated linoleic acid

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 February 2007

Patrick R. O'Quinn
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
James L. Nelssen
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
Robert D. Goodband*
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA
Michael D. Tokach
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506, USA

Abstract

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © CAB International 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AAFCO (1985). Official Publication, Association of American Feed Control Officials, Inc., Atlanta, GA.Google Scholar
AOAC (1995). Official Methods of Analysis. 16th ed. Arlington, VA: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.Google Scholar
AOCS (1994). Official Methods and Recommended Practices of the American Oil Chemists’ Society. 4th ed. Champaign, IL: American Oil Chemists’ Society.Google Scholar
Bassaganya, J, Bregendahl, K and Zimmerman, DR (1999). Growth performance, whole body composition, plasma urea nitrogen and serum alpha-1-acylglycoprotein in weanling pigs fed CLA [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 256.Google Scholar
Bauman, D and Griinari, JM (1999). Biosynthesis of CLA and its incorporation into meat and milk of ruminants [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baumgard, L, Corl, B, Dwyer, D, Saebo, A and Bauman, DE (1999). Identification of the CLA isomer responsible for milk fat depression [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 2.Google Scholar
Belury, MA and Kempa-Steczko, A (1997). Conjugated linoleic acid modulates hepatic lipid composition in mice. Lipids 32: 199204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belury, MA, Nickel, KP, Bird, CE and Wu, Y (1996) Dietary conjugated linoleic acid modulation of phorbol ester skin tumor promotion. Nutrition and Cancer 26: 149157.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Belury, MA, Moya-Camarena, SY, Liu, K and Vanden Heuvel, JP (1997). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid induces peroxisome-specific enzyme accumulation and ornithine decarboxylase activity in mouse liver. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 8: 579584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bjorntorp, P (1991). Metabolic implications of body fat distribution. Diabetes Care 14: 11321143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cesano, A, Visonneau, S, Scimeca, JA, Kritchevsky, D and Santoli, D (1998). Opposite effects of linoleic acid and conjugated linoleic acid on human prostatic cancer in SCID mice. Anticancer Research 18: 833838.Google ScholarPubMed
Chew, BP, Wong, TS, Schultz, TD and Magnuson, NS (1997). Effects of conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid and β-carotene in modulating lymphocyte and macrophage function. Anticancer Research 17: 10991106.Google ScholarPubMed
Chin, SF, Storkson, JM, Liu, W and Pariza, MW (1991). Dietary sources of the anticarcinogen CLA (conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid). FASEB J 5: A1444.Google Scholar
Chin, SF, Storkson, JM, Albright, KJ, Cook, ME and Pariza, MW (1994). Conjugated linoleic acid is a growth factor for rats as shown by enhanced weight gain and improved feed efficiency. Journal of Nutrition 124: 23442349.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Collier, A, Jackson, M, Dawkes, RM, Bell, D and Clarke, BF (1988). Reduced free radical activity detected by decreased diene conjugates in insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetic Medicine 5: 747749.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conner, AH and Rowe, JW (1975). Neutrals in southern pine tall oil. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society 52: 334338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, ME and Pariza, M (1998). The role of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in health. International Dairy Journal 8: 459462.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cook, ME, Miller, CC, Park, Y and Pariza, M (1993). Immune modulation by altered nutrient metabolism: nutritional control of immune-induced growth depression. Poultry Science 72: 13011305.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cunningham, DC, Harrison, LY and Schultz, TD (1997). Proliferative responses of normal human mammary and MCF-7 breast cancer cells to linoleic acid, conjugated linoleic acid and eicosanoid synthesis inhibitors in culture. Anticancer Research 17: 197204.Google ScholarPubMed
Decker, EA (1995). The role of phenolics, conjugated linoleic acid, carnosine, and pyrroloquinoline quinone as nonessential dietary antioxidants. Nutrition Reviews 53: 4958.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dugan, MER, Aalhus, JL, Schaefer, and Kramer, JKG (1997). The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat to lean repartitioning and feed conversion in pigs. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 77: 723725.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dugan, MER, Aalhus, JL, Jeremiah, LE, Kramer, JKG and Schafer, AL (1999). The effects of feeding conjugated linoleic acid on subsequent pork quality. Canadian Journal of Animal Science 79: 4551.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durgam, VR and Fernandes, G (1997) The growth inhibitory effect of conjugated linoleic acid on MCF-7 cells is related to estrogen response system. Cancer Letters 116: 121130.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eggert, JM, Carroll, AL, Richert, BT, Gerrard, DE, Forrest, JC, Boker, BC, Wynveen, EJ, Hammelman, JE and Schinckel, AP (1999 a). Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on the growth, carcass composition and pork quality of two genotypes of lean gilts [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 254.Google Scholar
Eggert, JM, Carroll, AL, Richert, BT, Gerrard, DE, Forrest, JC, Boker, BC, Wynveen, EJ, Hammelman, JE and Schinckel, AP (1999 b). Effects of high oil corn and duration of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation on pig growth, pork quality and carcass composition [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 255.Google Scholar
Eggert, JM, Belury, MA, Kempa-Steczko, A, Schinckel, AP (1999 c). Effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth and composition of lean gilts [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 117.Google Scholar
Fogerty, AC, Ford, GL and Svoronos, D (1988). Octadeca-9, 11-dienoic acid in foodstuffs and in the lipids of human blood and breast milk. Nutrition Reports International 38: 937944.Google Scholar
Goodband, RD, Nelssen, JL, Hines, RH, Kropf, DH, Stoner, GR, Thaler, RC, Lewis, AJ and Schricker, BR (1993). Interrelationships between porcine somatotropin and dietary lysine on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing swine. Journal of Animal Science 71: 663672.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ha, YL, Grimm, NK and Pariza, MW (1987). Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: altered derivatives of linoleic acid. Carcinogenesis 8: 18811887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ha, YL, Grimm, NK and Pariza, MW (1989). Newly recognized anticarcinogenic fatty acids: identification and quantification in natural and processed cheeses. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 37: 7581.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ha, YL, Storkson, J and Pariza, MW (1990). Inhibition of benzo(α)pyrene-induced mouse forestomach neoplasia by conjugated dienoic derivatives of linoleic acid. Cancer Research 50: 10971101.Google Scholar
Haumann, BF (1996). Conjugated linoleic acid offers research promise. INFORM 7: 152159.Google Scholar
Hayek, MG, Han, SN, Wu, D, Watkins, BA, Meydani, M, Dorsey, KL and Smith, DE (1999). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid influences the immune response of young and old C57BL/6NCrlBR mice. Journal of Nutrition 129: 3238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hendra, TJ, Wickens, DG, Dormandy, TL and Yudkin, JS (1991). Platelet function and conjugated diene concentrations in diabetic and non-diabetic survivors of acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular Research 25: 676683.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houseknecht, KL, Baile, CA, Matteri, RL and Spurlock, ME (1998 a). The biology of leptin: a review. Journal of Animal Science 76: 14051420.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Houseknecht, KL, Vanden Heuvel, JP, Moya-Camarena, SY, Portocarrero, CP, Peck, LW, Nickel, KP and Belury, MA (1998 b). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid normalizes impaired glucose tolerance in the Zucker diabetic fa/fa rat. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 244: 678682.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huang, Y, Luedecke, LO and Schultz, TD (1994). Effect of cheddar cheese consumption on plasma conjugated linoleic acid concentrations in men. Nutrition Research 14: 373386.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huibers, DTA (1997) Tall oil. In: Kroschwitz, JI and Howe-Grant, M (eds), Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, Vol. 23. 4th ed. New York: Wiley Interscience, pp. 616622.Google Scholar
Ip, C and Scimeca, JA (1997). Conjugated linoleic acid and linoleic acid are distinctive modulators of mammary carcinogenesis. Nutrition and Cancer 27: 131135.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Carter, CA and Ip, MM (1985). Requirement of essential fatty acid for mammary tumorigenesis in the rat. Cancer Research 45: 19972001.Google ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Chin, SF, Scimeca, JA and Pariza, MW (1991). Mammary cancer prevention by conjugated dienoic derivative of linoleic acid. Cancer Research 51: 61186124.Google ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Lisk, DJ and Scimeca, JA (1994). Potential of food modification in cancer prevention. Cancer Research 54: 1957s-1959s.Google ScholarPubMed
Ip, C, Singh, M, Thompson, HJ and Scimeca, JA (1994). Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses mammary carcinogenesis and proliferative activity of the mammary gland in the rat. Cancer Research 54: 12121215.Google ScholarPubMed
Jones, PJH, Howell, T, MacDougall, DE, Feng, JY and Parsons, W (1998). Short-term administration of tall oil phytosterols improves plasma lipid profiles in subjects with different cholesterol levels. Metabolism 47: 751756.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramer, JKG, Fellner, V, Dugan, MER, Sauer, FD, Mossoba, MM and Yurawecz, MP (1997). Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids 32: 12191228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kramer, JKG, Sehat, N, Dugan, MER, Mossoba, MM, Yurawecz, MP, Roach, AG, Eulitz, K, Aalhus, JL, Schafer, AL and Ku, Y (1998). Distributions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in tissue lipid classes of pigs fed a commercial CLA mixture determined by gas chromatography and silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography. Lipids 33: 549558.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kraupp, B, Huber, W and Herman, RS (1990). Liver growth and early cellular changes in response to peroxisome proliferation. Biochemical Society Transactions 18: 8992.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Larsen, ST, Wiegand, BR, Parrish, FC Jr and Sparks, JC (1999) Effects of CLA supplementation on ham quality characteristics of crossbred growing–finishing barrows [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 92.Google Scholar
Lee, KN, Kritchevsky, D and Pariza, MW (1994). Conjugated linoleic acid and atherosclerosis in rabbits. Atherosclerosis 108: 1925.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lee, KN, Storkson, JM and Pariza, MW (1995). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid changes fatty acid composition in different tissues by decreasing monounsaturated fatty acids. IFT Book of Abstracts 183.Google Scholar
Li, Y and Watkins, BA (1998). Conjugated linoleic acids alter bone fatty acid composition and reduce ex vivo prostaglandin E2 biosynthesis in rats fed n-6 or n-3 fatty acids. Lipids 33: 417425.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, H, Boylston, TD, Chang, MJ, Luedecke, LO and Schultz, TD (1995). Survey of the conjugated linoleic acid contents of dairy products. Journal of Dairy Science 78: 23582365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McGuire, MA and McGuire, MK (1999). Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA): a ruminant fatty acid with beneficial effects on human health [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 6.Google Scholar
Nicolosi, RJ, Rogers, EJ, Kritchevsky, D, Scimeca, JA and Huth, PJ (1997). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces plasma lipoproteins and early aortic atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic hamsters. Artery 22: 266277.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Quinn, PR, Koo, SI, Noh, SK, Nelsson, JL, Goodband, RD and Tokach, MD (1999 a). Effects of modified tall oil on body composition and serum and tissue levels of α-tocopherol, cholesterol, and phospholipids in ovariectomized rats [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 7.Google Scholar
O'Quinn, PR, Waylan, AT, Nelssen, JL, Goodband, RG, Unruh, JA, Woodworth, JC, Tokach, MD and Koo, SI (1999 b). The effects of modified tall oil and vitamin E on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 116.Google Scholar
O'Quinn, PR, Waylan, AT, Goodband, RG, Nelssen, JL, Unruh, JA, Woodworth, JC, Tokach, MD and Owen, KQ (1999 c). Effects of modified tall oil, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on growth and carcass traits of finishing pigs [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 176.Google Scholar
O'Quinn, PR, Nelssen, JL, Unruh, JA, Goodband, RG, Woodworth, JC and Tokach, MD (2000 a). Effects of feeding modified tall oil and supplemental magnesium on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing-finishing gilts [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 78 (Supplement 1): 157.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Quinn, PR, Andrews, BS, Goodband, RD, Unruh, JA, Nelssen, JL, Woodworth, JC and Tokach, MD (2000 b). Effects of modified tall oil and creatine monohydrate on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of growing–finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science. In press.Google ScholarPubMed
O'Quinn, PR, Nelssen, JL, Goodband, RD, Unruh, JA, Woodworth, JC and Tokach, MD (2000 c). Effects of modified tall oil versus a commercial source of conjugated linoleic acid and increasing modified tall oil on growth performance and carcass characteristics of growing–finishing pigs. Journal of Animal Science. In press.Google ScholarPubMed
Pariza, M, Park, Y, Kim, S, Sugimoto, K, Aibright, K, Liu, W, Storkson, J and Cook, M (1997). Mechanism of body fat reduction by conjugated linoleic acid [abstract]. FASEB J 11: A139.Google Scholar
Park, Y, Albright, KJ, Liu, W, Cook, ME and Pariza, MW (1995). Dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) reduces body fat content and isomers of CLA are incorporated into phospholipid fraction. IFT Book of Abstracts 183.Google Scholar
Park, Y, Albright, KJ, Liu, W, Storkson, JM, Cook, ME and Pariza, MW (1997). Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on body composition in mice. Lipids 32: 853858.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, Y, Albright, KJ, Storkson, JM, Cook, ME and Pariza, MW (1999 b). Changes in body composition in mice during feeding and withdrawal of conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 34: 243248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, Y, Storkson, JM, Albright, KJ, Liu, W and Pariza, MW (1999 a). Evidence that the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid induces body composition changes in mice. Lipids 34: 235241.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Parodi, PW (1994). Conjugated linoleic acid: an anticarcinogenic fatty acid present in milk fat. Australian Journal of Dairy Technology 49: 9397.Google Scholar
Pickup, JC and Crook, MA (1998). Is type II diabetes mellitus a disease of the innate immune system? Diabetologia 41: 12411248.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reddy, JK (1990). Carcinogenicity of peroxisome proliferators: evaluation and mechanisms. Biochemical Society Transactions 18: 9294.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Satory, DL and Smith, SB (1999). Conjugated linoleic acid inhibits proliferation but stimulates lipid filling of murine 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Journal of Nutrition 129: 9297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schoonjans, K, Staels, B and Auwerx, J (1996). The peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and their effects on lipid metabolism and adipocyte differentiation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1302: 93109.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schut, HAJ, Cummings, DA, Smale, MHE, Joysula, S and Fiesen, M (1997). DNA adducts of heterocyclic amines: formation, removal and inhibition by dietary components. Mutation Research 376: 185194.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sehat, N, Yurawecz, MP, Roach, JAG, Mossoba, MM, Kramer, JKG and Ku, Y (1998). Silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatographic separation and identification of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Lipids 33: 217221.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Shantha, NC, Decker, EA, Hennig, B (1993). Comparison of methylation methods for the quantitation of conjugated linoleic acid isomers. Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International 76: 644649.Google Scholar
Singh, S, Gupta, J and Agrawal, CG (1992) Conjugated dienes in lipids of apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins of normal and type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics 29: 282286.Google ScholarPubMed
Sisk, M, Azain, MJ and Hausman, DB (1998). Effect of conjugated linoleic acid on fat pad weights and cellularity in Sprague–Dawley and Zucker rats [abstract]. FASEB J 12: A536.Google Scholar
Sparks, JC, Wiegand, BR, Parrish, FC and Zimmerman, DR (1999). Effects of length of feeding conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on growth and body composition of pigs [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 253.Google Scholar
Sugano, M, Tsujita, A, Yamasaki, M, Yamada, K, Ikeda, I and Kritchevsky, D (1997). Lymphatic recovery, tissue distribution, and metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid in rats. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 8: 3843.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sugano, M, Tsujita, A, Yamasaki, M, Noguchi, M and Yamada, K (1998). Conjugated linoleic acid modulates tissue levels of chemical mediators and immunoglobulins in rats. Lipids 33: 521527.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Thiel, RL, Sparks, JC, Wiegand, BR, Parrish, FC Jr and Ewan, RC (1998). Conjugated linoleic acid improves performance and body composition in swine [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 76 (Supplement 1): 127.Google Scholar
Thiel-Cooper, RL, Wiegand, BR, Parrish, FC Jr and Love, JA (1999) Effects of CLA supplementation on quality and sensory characteristics of pork [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 93.Google Scholar
Turek, JJ, Li, Y, Schoenlein, IA and Watkins, BA (1998). Modulation of macrophage cytokine production by conjugated linoleic acids is influenced by the dietary n-6:n-3 fatty acid ratio. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry 9: 258266.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
van den Berg, JJM, Cook, NE, Tribble, DL (1995). Reinvestigation of the antioxidant properties of conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids 30: 599605.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waylan, AT (1999). The effects of dietary supplementation of modified tall oil, vitamin E, chromium nicotinate, and L-carnitine on pork quality, display color stability, and bacon characteristics. MS thesis, Kansas State University, Manhattan.Google Scholar
West, DB, Delany, JP, Camet, PM, Blohm, F, Truett, AA and Scimeca, J (1998). Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on body fat and energy metabolism in the mouse. American Journal of Physiology 275: R667-R672.Google ScholarPubMed
Wiegand, BR, Parrish, FC Jr and Sparks, JC (1999). Effects of CLA supplementation on pork quality characteristics in crossbred growing–finishing barrows [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 91.Google Scholar
Wolf, G (1996). Leptin: the weight-reducing plasma protein encoded by the obese gene. Nutrition Reviews 54: 9191.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woodworth, JC, Goodband, RD, Unruh, JA, Nelssen, JL, Tokach, MD, Waylan, AT and O'Quinn, PR (1999). Interactive effects between fat source and modified tall oil on growth performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs [abstract]. Journal of Animal Science 77 (Supplement 1): 5.Google Scholar
Yurawecz, MP, Roach, JAG, Sehat, N, Mossoba, MM, Kramer, JKG, Fritsche, J, Steinhart, H and Ku,, Y (1998). A new conjugated linoleic acid isomer, 7 trans, 9 cis-octadecadienoic acid, in cow milk, cheese, beef and human milk and adipose tissue. Lipids 33: 803809.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, Y, Proenca, R, Maffei, M, Burone, M, Leopold, L and Friedman, JM (1994). Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature 372: 425431.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed