Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:50:18.618Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Buffalopox: an emerging and re-emerging zoonosis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2007

R. K. Singh ,
M. Hosamani ,
V. Balamurugan ,
V. Bhanuprakash ,
T. J. Rasool  and
M. P. Yadav
R. K. Singh*
Affiliation:
Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
M. Hosamani
Affiliation:
Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
V. Balamurugan
Affiliation:
Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
V. Bhanuprakash
Affiliation:
Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
T. J. Rasool
Affiliation:
Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar-263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
M. P. Yadav
Affiliation:
SVBP University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut-250 110, Uttar Pradesh, India
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Outbreaks of buffalopox or pox-like infections affecting buffaloes, cows and humans have been recorded in many parts of the world. Since the first outbreak in India, a large number of epidemics have occurred. Unlike in the previous years, generalized forms of the disease are now rare; however, there are severe local forms of the disease affecting the udder and teats, leading to mastitis thereby undermining the productivity of milk animals. The causative agent buffalopox virus (BPXV) is a member of the Orthopoxvirus, and is closely related to Vaccinia virus (VACV), the type-species of the genus. Earlier studies with restriction fragment length polymorphism and recent investigations involving sequencing of the genes that are essential in viral pathogenesis have shown that BPXV is phylogenetically very closely related to VACV and may be considered as a clade of the latter. The review discusses the epidemiology, novel diagnostic methods for the disease, and molecular biology of the virus, and infers genetic relationships of BPXV with other members of the genus.

Keywords

buffalopox viruszoonosispathogenesisphylogeny
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , June 2007 , pp. 105 - 114
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Arita, M and Tagaya, I (1977). Structural polypeptides of several strains of orthopoxvirus. Microbiology and Immunology 21: 343–346.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Baxby, D and Hill, BJ (1969). Buffalopox virus. A correspondence. The Veterinary Record 85: 315.Google Scholar
Baxby, D and Hill, BJ (1971). Characteristics of a new poxvirus isolated from Indian buffaloes. Archiv for die gesamte Virusforschung 35: 70–79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bhat, PP, Bhat, PN, Mishra, BP, Kumar, S and Singh, RK (1993). A comparison of genomes of goat, sheep and buffalopox virus isolates. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 63: 1075–1078.Google Scholar
Bhat, PP, Mishra, BP and Bhat, S (1994). DNA profile and identification of thymidine kinase gene in buffalopox virus (BP4). Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 64: 941–942.Google Scholar
Bhatia, SN (1936). Variola in ears and around eyes of buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal 12: 236–237.Google Scholar
Bloch, B and Lal, SM (1975). A study of the ultrastructure of the buffalo poxvirus. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandinavica. Section B, Microbiology 83: 191–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandra, R, Singh, IP and Garg, SK (1985). Studies on pathogenesis of buffalopox virus in rabbits: quantitative assay of virus in different organs. Microbiology and Immunology 29: 701–707.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chandra, R, Singh, IP, Garg, SK and Varshney, KC (1986). Experimental pathogenesis of buffalopox in rabbits. Acta Virologica 30: 390–395.Google Scholar
Chandra, R, Garg, SK, Rana, UVS and Rao, VDP (1987). Pox infection in buffaloes. Farm Animals 2: 57–59.Google Scholar
Chandra, R, Singh, IP, Garg, SK and Rao, VDP (1990). Role of humoral and cellular immune responses in recovery from experimental buffalopox infection in rabbits. Indian Veterinary Journal 67: 589–593.Google Scholar
Chung, CS, Hsaio, JC, Chang, YS and Chang, W (1998). A27L protein mediates vaccinia virus interaction with cell surface heparan sulfate. Journal of Virology 72: 1577–1585.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Damaso, CRA, Espostio, JJ, Condit, RC and Moussatche, N (2000). An emergent poxvirus from humans and cattle in Rio de Janeiro state: Cantagalo virus may derive from Brazilian small pox vaccine. Virology 277: 439–449.Google Scholar
de Souza Trindade, G, da Fonseca, FG, Marques, JT, Nogueira, ML, Mendes, LC, Borges, AS, Peiro, JR, Pituco, EM, Bonjardim, CA, Ferreira, PC and Kroon, EG (2003). Aracatuba virus: a Vaccinia like virus associated with infection in humans and cattle. Emerging Infectious Diseases 9: 155–160.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dumbell, K and Richardson, M (1993). Virological investigations of specimens from buffaloes affected by buffalopox in Maharashtra State, India between 1985 and 1987. Archives of Virology 128: 257–267.Google Scholar
Esposito, JJ and Knight, JC (1985). Orthopox virus DNA: a comparison of restriction profiles and maps. Virology 143: 230–251.Google Scholar
Esposito, JJ, Obijeski, JF and Nakano, JH (1977). The virion and soluble antigen proteins of variola, monkeypox and Vaccinia viruses. Journal of Medical Virology 1: 95–110.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Funahashi, S, Sato, T and Shida, H (1988). Cloning and characterization of the gene encoding the major protein of the A-type inclusion body of cowpox virus. Journal of General Virology 69: 35–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ghosh, TK, Arora, RR, Sehgal, CL, Ray, SN and Wattal, BL (1977). An investigation of buffalopox outbreak in animals and human beings in Dhulia District (Maharastra State). Epidemiological studies. Journal of Communicable Diseases 9: 146–147.Google Scholar
Hsiao, JC, Chung, CS and Chang, W (1999). Vaccinia virus envelope D8L protein binds to cell surface chondroitin sulfate and mediates the adsorption of intracellular mature virions to cells. Journal of Virology 73: 8750–8761.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Iwad, FI, Saber, MS, Amin, MM and Yousef, HM (1981). Some epizootiological studies on buffalopox in Egypt. Acta Veterinarica Yugoslavia 31: 41–47.Google Scholar
Jain, K (1998). Buffalopox strikes children. The Times of India News Service, New Delhi. Patna Edition, dated 23 March 1998.Google Scholar
Kataria, RS and Singh, IP (1970). Serological relationship of buffalopox virus to vaccinia and cowpox viruses. Acta Virologica 14: 301–311.Google ScholarPubMed
Knight, JC, Massung, RE and Esposito, JJ (1995). Polymerase chain reaction identification of smallpox virus. In: Becker, Y and Darai, G (eds) Diagnosis of Human Viruses by Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology, 2nd edn. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 297–302.Google Scholar
Kolhapure, RM, Deolankar, RP, Tupe, CD, Raut, CG, Basu, A, Dama, BM, Pawar, SD, Joshi, MV, Padbidri, VS, Goverdhan, MK and Banerjee, K (1997). Investigation of buffalopox outbreaks in Maharastra state during 1992–1996. Indian Journal of Medical Research 106: 441–446.Google Scholar
Kolte, (1998). Identification and molecular characterization of ATI-like gene in buffalopox virus genome. MVSc thesis submitted to Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Deemed University, Izatnagar, UP, India.Google Scholar
Kumar, A, Yadav, MP, Chandra, R and Garg, SK (1987). Clinico-etiological features of a pox outbreak among buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Health 26: 41–45.Google Scholar
Lal, SM and Singh, IP (1973). Serological characterization of buffalo pox virus. Archiv fur die gesamte Virusforschung 43: 393–396.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lal, SM and Singh, IP (1977). Buffalopox – a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production 9: 107–112.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lin, CL, Chung, CS, Heine, HG and Chang, W (2000). Vaccinia virus envelope H3L protein binds to cell surface heparan sulfate and is important for intracellular mature virion morphogenesis and virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Virology 74: 3353–3365.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mallick, KP (1988). A note on epidemiological study of an outbreak of buffalopox. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine 8: 146–147.Google Scholar
Mallick, KP and Dwivedi, SK (1982). Clinical observations in an outbreak of buffalopox. Indian Veterinary Journal 59: 397–398.Google Scholar
Maan, S and Kalra, SK (1995). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of polypeptides of buffalopox virus isolates. Indian Journal of Virology 11: 55–57.Google Scholar
Mathew, T (1975). Immunological studies on pox group of viruses with special reference to buffalo pox virus. Indian Veterinary Journal 52: 517–525.Google Scholar
Mehrotra, ML, Verma, KC and Somvanshi, R (1981). Isolation and characterization of buffalopox virus from an outbreak among buffaloes in Northern India. Indian Veterinary Medical Journal 5: 155–159.Google Scholar
Meyer, H and Rziha, HJ (1993). Characterization of the gene encoding the A-type inclusion protein of camel pox virus and sequence comparison with other orthopoxviruses. Journal of General Virology 74: 1679–1684.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyer, H, Ropp, SL and Esposito, JJ (1997). Gene for A-type inclusion body protein is useful for a polymerase chain reaction assay to differentiate orthopoxviruses. Journal of Virological Methods 64: 217–221.Google Scholar
Mitra, K and Chatterji, A (1986). Milker's nodule contracted from a pox in water buffaloes. International Journal of Zoonoses 13: 141–142.Google Scholar
Mohanty, PK, Rai, A, Mallick, KP and Kumar, S (1989). Isolation and characterization of buffalopox virus from a natural outbreak of buffalopox including its electron microscopy. Indian Journal of Virology 5: 14–20.Google Scholar
Muraleedharan, K, Raghavan, R, Murthy, GVK, Murthy, VSS, Swamy, KG and Prasanna, T (1989). An investigation on the outbreaks of pox in buffaloes in Karnataka. Current Research, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 18: 26–27.Google Scholar
Nagasse-Sugahara, TK, Kisielius, JJ, Ueda-Ito, M, Curti, SP, Figueiredo, CA, Cruz, AS, Silva, MM, Ramos, CH, Silva, MC, Sakurai, T and Salles-Gomes, LF (2004). Human vaccinia-like virus outbreaks in São Paulo and Goiás states, Brazil: virus detection, isolation and identification. Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 46, 315–322.Google Scholar
Parnaik, DI, Gorhe, DS, Khot, JB and Hattangady, SR (1962). A note of two cases of cowpox in buffaloes. Bombay Veterinary College Magazine 10: 42–44.Google Scholar
Pilaski, J, Rosen, R and Darai, J (1986). Comparative analysis of the genomes of orthopox viruses isolated from elephant, rhinoceros and Okapi by restriction enzymes. Archives of Virology 88: 135–142.Google Scholar
Ramakrishna, M and Ananthapadmanabham, K (1957). An experimental study of virus of buffalopox. Indian Veterinary Journal 34: 23–30.Google Scholar
Rana, UVS, Garg, SK, Chandra, R, Singh, IP and Chandra, R (1985). Pathogenesis of buffalopox virus in buffalo calves. International Journal of Zoonoses 12: 156–162.Google Scholar
Raut, CG, Tatwarti, SB, Deolankar, RP, Kolhapure, RM and Tupe, CD (1997). Buffalopox zoonosis in Nasik suburb (Maharastra State). Livestock International 1: 19.Google Scholar
Ropp, SL, Jin, Q, Knight, JC, Massung, RE and Espositu, JJ (1995). Polymerase chain reaction strategy for identification and differentiation of smallpox and other orthopoxviruses. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33: 2069–2076.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sehgal, CL, Ray, SN, Ghosh, TK and Arora, RR (1977). In investigation of an outbreak of buffalopox in animals and human beings in Dhulia district, Maharashtra. I. Laboratory studies. Journal of Communicable Diseases 9: 171–176.Google Scholar
Sharma, GK (1934). An interesting outbreak of variola vaccinia in milch cattle of Lahore. The Imperial Council of Agricultural Research. Selected Clinical Articles. Miscellaneous Bulletin 8: 1–4.Google Scholar
Singh, IP and Singh, SB (1967). Isolation and characterization of the aetiologic agent of buffalopox. Journal of Research, Ludhiana 4: 440.Google Scholar
Singh, M, Bhat, PP, Mishra, BP and Singh, RK (1996). Biological transmissibility of buffalopox virus. Journal of Applied Animal Research 9: 79–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Singh, PJ, Gupta, MP, Randhawa, SS and Sharma, N (1999). Clinical manifestations of buffalopox in a dairy farm. Abstract, National Symposium on ‘Sustainable Development in Animal Health Care Measures – Vision for the Future’, held at Department of Medicine, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Orissa University of Agriculture and Technology, Bhubaneswar, India, 5–7 February 1999, p. 13.Google Scholar
Singh, RK, Balamurugan, V, Hosamani, M, Satheesh, CC, Rasool, TJ and Yadav, MP (2006a). Comparative polypeptide profiling: isolation, propagation and purification of Indian isolates of Buffalo poxvirus. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 5: 260–265.Google Scholar
Singh, RK, Hosamani, M, Balamurugan, V, Satheesh, CC, Rasool, TJ and Yadav, MP (2006b). Comparative sequence analysis of envelope protein genes of Indian Buffalopox virus isolates. Archives of Virology 151: 1995–2005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Singh, RK, Hosamani, M, Balamurugan, V, Satheesh, CC, Shingal, KR, Tatwarti, SB, Bambal, RG, Ramteke, V and Yadav, MP (2006c). An outbreak of Buffalopox in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) dairy herds in Aurangabad, India. Scientific and Technical Review, O.I.E. 25: 981–987.Google ScholarPubMed
Singh, RK, Balamurugan, V, Hosamani, M, De, UK, Chandra Naik, BM, Krishnappa, G and Yadav, MP (2007). B5R gene based sequence analysis of Indian buffalopox virus isolates in relation to other orthopoxviruses, Acta Virologica 51: 47–50.Google ScholarPubMed
Skalinskii, EI and Tantawi, Kh (1974). Structure and morphogenesis of buffalo poxvirus. Veterinariya Moscow 10: 62–64.Google Scholar
Srinivasappa, J and Garg, SK (1976). A study of the buffalopox virus in the internal organs of the artificially infected rabbit. Current Research, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore 5: 85–86.Google Scholar
Tantawi, HH, Khamis, Y, Saber, MS, Shalaby, MA and Omar, MS (1976). Isolation and characterization of poxvirus from buffalo teat's lesions in Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association 36: 151–159.Google Scholar
Tantawi, HH, Fayed, AA and El Sherif, MT (1979a). Experimental inoculation of buffaloes with cowpox, buffalopox and vaccinia viruses. Bulletin of Animal Health Production, Africa 27: 101–104.Google Scholar
Tantawi, HH, Fayed, AA, Shalaby, MA and Skalinsky, EI (1979b). Isolation, cultivation and characterization of pox viruses from Egyptian water buffaloes. Journal of the Egyptian Veterinary Medical Association 37: 15–23.Google Scholar
Wariyar, KC (1937). Variola in buffaloes. Indian Veterinary Journal 14: 169–170.Google Scholar
Yadav, S (2006). Isolation and partial genetic characterization of poxviruses from cows. MVSc thesis submitted to Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Deemed University, Izatnagar, UP, India.Google Scholar