Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-31T14:40:28.710Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: immunopathogenic mechanisms

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 January 2008

Laurel J. Gershwin
Laurel J. Gershwin*
Affiliation:
Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes severe respiratory disease in young cattle. Much like the human respiratory syncytial virus, BRSV induces immunomodulation in the infected host, favoring a Th2 response. Several groups have demonstrated IgE responses to BRSV proteins during infection and particularly in response to vaccination with formalin-inactivated vaccine in the field and experimentally. Newer vaccine modalities that favor a shift to Th1 cytokine production have provided promising results. Infection with BRSV is a major contributor to the multi-pathogen disease, bovine respiratory disease complex. This review stresses the unique immunomodulatory aspects of BRSV infection, vaccination and its interaction with the host's immune system.

Keywords

bovine respiratory syncytial virusIgEvaccineimmunomodulation
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 8 , Issue 2 , December 2007 , pp. 207 - 213
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Antonis, AF, Schrijver, RS, Daus, F, Steverink, PJ, Stockhofe, N, Hensen, EJ, Langedijk, JP and van der Most, RG (2003). Vaccine-induced immunopathology during bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection: exploring the parameters of pathogenesis. Journal of Virology 77: 12067–12073.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barends, M, Van Oosten, M, De Rond, CG, Dormans, JA, Osterhaus, AD, Neijens, HJ and Kimman, TG (2004). Timing of infection and prior immunization with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in RSV-enhanced allergic inflammation. Journal of Infectious Diseases 189: 1866–1872.Google Scholar
Becker, Y (2006). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) evades the human adaptive immune system by skewing the Th1/Th2 cytokine balance toward increased levels of Th2 cytokines and IgE, markers of allergy – a review. Virus Genes 33: 235–252.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Berghaus, LJ, Corbeil, LB, Berghaus, RD, Kalina, WV, Kimball, RA and Gershwin, LJ (2006). Effects of dual vaccination for bovine respiratory syncytial virus and Haemophilus somnus on immune responses. Vaccine 24: 6018–6027.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bharadwaj, AS, Bewtra, AK and Agrawal, DK (2007). Dendritic cells in allergic airway inflammation. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 85: 686–699.Google Scholar
Ciszewski, DK, Baker, JC, Slocombe, RF, Reindel, JF, Haines, DM and Clark, EG (1991). Experimental reproduction of respiratory tract disease with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Microbiology 28: 39–60.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Corbeil, LB, Arnold, KF, Kimball, R, Berghaus, L and Gershwin, LJ (2006). Specificity of IgG and IgE antibody responses to Haemophilus somnus infection of calves. Veterinary Immunology Immunopathology 113: 191–199.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Deplanche, M, Lemaire, M, Mirandette, C, Bonnet, M, Schelcher, F and Meyer, G (2007). In vivo evidence for quasispecies distributions in the bovine respiratory syncytial virus genome. Journal of General Virology 88: 1260–1265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Estes, DM and Brown, WC (2002). Type 1 and type 2 responses in regulation of Ig isotype expression in cattle. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 90: 1–10.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Falsey, AR (2007). Respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults. Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 28: 171–181.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gershwin, LJ and Giri, SN (1992). Effects of allergen challenge on plasma concentrations of prostaglandins, thromboxane B2, and histamine in calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 53: 1670–1674.Google Scholar
Gershwin, LJ, Himes, SR, Dungworth, DL, Giri, SN, Friebertshauser, KE and Camacho, M (1994). Effect of bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection on hypersensitivity to inhaled Micropolyspora faeni. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 104: 79–91.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gershwin, LJ, Schelegle, ES, Gunther, RA, Anderson, ML, Woolums, AR, Larochelle, DR, Boyle, GA, Friebertshauser, KE and Singer, RS (1998). A bovine model of vaccine enhanced respiratory syncytial virus pathophysiology. Vaccine 16: 1225–1236.Google Scholar
Gershwin, LJ, Gunther, RA, Anderson, ML, Woolums, AR, McArthur-Vaughan, K, Randel, KE, Boyle, GA, Friebertshauser, KE and McInturff, PS (2000). Bovine respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE is associated with interleukin-2 and -4, and interferon-gamma expression in pulmonary lymph of experimentally infected calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 61: 291–298.Google Scholar
Gershwin, LJ, Berghaus, LJ, Arnold, K, Anderson, ML and Corbeil, LB (2005). Immune mechanisms of pathogenetic synergy in concurrent bovine pulmonary infection with Haemophilus somnus and bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 15: 119–130.Google Scholar
Gershwin, LJ, Gunther, RA, Hornof, WJ and Larson, RF. Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection alters pulmonary clearance of antigen inhaled during infection. American Journal of Veterinary Research: in press.Google Scholar
Gogolewski, RP, Schaefer, DC, Wasson, SK, Corbeil, RR and Corbeil, LB (1989). Pulmonary persistence of Haemophilus somnus in the presence of specific antibody. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 27: 1767–1774.Google Scholar
Hendricks, DA, Baradaran, K, McIntosh, K and Patterson, JL (1987). Appearance of a soluble form of the G protein of respiratory syncytial virus in fluids of infected cells. Journal of General Virology 68: 1705–1714.Google Scholar
Johnson, TR and Graham, BS (1999). Secreted respiratory syncytial virus G glycoprotein induces interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-13, and eosinophilia by an IL-4-independent mechanism. Journal of Virology 73: 8485–8495.Google Scholar
Juntti, H, Kokkonen, J, Dunder, T, Renko, M, Niinimäki, A and Uhari, M (2003). Association of an early respiratory syncytial virus infection and atopic allergy. Allergy 58: 878–884.Google Scholar
Kalina, WV, Woolums, AR, Berghaus, RD and Gershwin, LJ (2004). Formalin-inactivated bovine RSV vaccine enhances a Th2 mediated immune response in infected cattle. Vaccine 29: 1465–1474.Google Scholar
Kalina, WV, Anderson, ML and Gershwin, LJ (2006). Alternaria aerosol during a bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection alters the severity of subsequent re-infection and enhances IgE production. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 29: 138–156.Google Scholar
Kim, HW, Canchola, JG, Brandt, CD, Pyles, G, Chanock, RM, Jensen, K and Parrott, RH (1969). Respiratory syncytial virus disease in infants despite prior administration of antigenic inactivated vaccine. American Journal of Epidemiology 89: 422–434.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimman, TG, Westenbrink, F, Schreuder, BE and Straver, PJ (1987). Local and systemic antibody response to bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection and reinfection in calves with and without maternal antibodies. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 25: 1097–1106.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kimman, TG, Sol, J, Westenbrink, F and Straver, PJ (1989). A severe outbreak of respiratory tract disease associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus probably enhanced by vaccination with modified live vaccine. Veterinary Quarterly 11: 250–253.Google Scholar
LeBlanc, PH, Baker, JC, Gray, PR, Robinson, NE and Derksen, FJ (1991). Effects of bovine respiratory syncytial virus on airway function in neonatal calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 52: 1401–1406.Google Scholar
Mapletoft, JW, Oumouna, M, Townsend, HG, Gomis, S, Babiuk, LA and van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S (2006). Formulation with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides increases cellular immunity and protection induced by vaccination of calves with formalin-inactivated bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Virology 353: 316–323.Google Scholar
McInnes, E, Sopp, P, Howard, CJ and Taylor, G (1999). Phenotypic analysis of local cellular responses in calves infected with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Immunology 96: 396–403.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Meyer, G, Deplanche, M and Schelcher, F (2007). Human and bovine respiratory syncytial virus vaccine research and development. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases: in press.Google Scholar
Olchowy, TW, Gershwin, LJ and Dean, DF (1995). Allergic rhinitis in a herd of cattle. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 207: 1211–1214.Google Scholar
Openshaw, PJ, Culley, FJ and Olszewska, W (2001). Immunopathogenesis of vaccine-enhanced RSV disease. Vaccine 20 (suppl. 1): S27–S31.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Otto, P, Elschner, M, Reinhold, P, Köhler, H, Streckert, HJ, Philippou, S, Werchau, H and Morgenroth, K (1996). A model for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection based on experimental aerosol exposure with bovine RSV in calves. Comparative Immunology Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 19: 85–97.Google Scholar
Román, M, Calhoun, WJ, Hinton, KL, Avendaño, LF, Simon, V, Escobar, AM, Gaggero, A and Díaz, PV (1997). Respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants is associated with predominant Th-2-like response. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 156: 190–195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Samal, SK and Zamora, M (1991). Nucleotide sequence analysis of a matrix and small hydrophobic protein dicistronic mRNA of bovine respiratory syncytial virus demonstrates extensive sequence divergence of the small hydrophobic protein from that of human respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of General Virology 72: 1715–1720.Google Scholar
Schreiber, P, Matheise, JP, Dessy, F, Heimann, M, Letesson, JJ, Coppe, P and Collard, A (2000). High mortality rate associated with bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection in Belgian white blue calves previously vaccinated with an inactivated BRSV vaccine. Journal of Veterinary Medicine B Infectious Diseases and Veterinary Public Health 47: 535–550.Google Scholar
Stewart, RS and Gershwin, LJ (1989). Role of IgE in the pathogenesis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in sequential infections in vaccinated and nonvaccinated calves. American Journal of Veterinary Research 50: 349–355.Google ScholarPubMed
Taylor, G, Thomas, LH, Furze, JM, Cook, RS, Wyld, SG, Lerch, R, Hardy, R and Wertz, GW (1997). Recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the F, G or N, but not the M2, protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) induce resistance to BRSV challenge in the calf and protect against the development of pneumonic lesions. Journal of General Virology 78: 3195–3206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudel, M, Nadon, F, Simard, C, Bélanger, F, Alain, R, Séguin, C and Lussier, G (1989). Comparison of caprine, human and bovine strains of respiratory syncytial virus. Archives of Virology 107: 141–149.Google Scholar
Valarcher, JF and Taylor, G (2007). Bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection. Veterinary Research 38: 153–180.Google Scholar
Valarcher, JF, Schelcher, F and Bourhy, H (2000). Evolution of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Virology 74: 10714–10728.Google Scholar
Van der Poel, WH, Brand, A, Kramps, JA and Van Oirschot, JT (1994). Respiratory syncytial virus infections in human beings and in cattle. Journal of Infection 29: 215–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van Drunen Littel-van den Hurk, S, Mapletoft, JW, Arsic, N and Kovacs-Nolan, J (2007). Immunopathology of RSV infection: prospects for developing vaccines without this complication. Reviews in Medical Virology 17: 5–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Welliver, RC, Wong, DT, Sun, M, JrMiddleton, E, Vaughan, RS and Ogra, PL (1981). The development of respiratory syncytial virus-specific IgE and the release of histamine in nasopharyngeal secretions after infection. New England Journal of Medicine 305: 841–846.Google Scholar
West, K, Bogdan, J, Hamel, A, Nayar, G, Morley, PS, Haines, DM and Ellis, JA (1998). A comparison of diagnostic methods for the detection of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in experimental clinical specimens. Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research 62: 245–250.Google ScholarPubMed
Woolums, AR, Singer, RS, Boyle, GA and Gershwin, LJ (1999a). Interferon gamma production during bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) infection is diminished in calves vaccinated with formalin-inactivated BRSV. Vaccine 17: 1293–1297.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Woolums, AR, Anderson, ML, Gunther, RA, Schelegle, ES, LaRochelle, DR, Singer, RS, Boyle, GA, Friebertshauser, KE and Gershwin, LJ (1999b). Evaluation of severe disease induced by aerosol inoculation of calves with bovine respiratory syncytial virus. American Journal of Veterinary Research 60: 473–480.Google Scholar
Zimmer, G, Rohn, M, McGregor, GP, Schemann, M, Conzelmann, KK and Herrler, G (2003). Virokinin, a bioactive peptide of the tachykinin family, is released from the fusion protein of bovine respiratory syncytial virus. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278: 46854–46861.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed