Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T08:14:15.563Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Agrosecurity for concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): commentary on recent planning activities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 August 2007

Robert E. DeOtte Jr
Robert E. DeOtte Jr*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Science, West Texas A&M University, WTAMU Box 60998, Canyon, TX 79016-0001, USA
*
E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Agrosecurity has become a major concern for livestock operations. This paper reviews post 11 September 2001, American planning activities and offers commentary on issues related to these plans. A critical issue is the need for as many people as possible to be aware of plans and preparations already completed and actions still necessary. There is a sizeable disparity within the animal agriculture sector about information known and understood at different levels. Several readiness exercises have highlighted the need for better broad-spectrum communication: communication within disciplines, within agencies, across disciplines, across agencies, and most importantly everyone involved must talk with industry at all levels. The best preparation involves close coordination between law enforcement, industry, governmental agencies at all levels, academia, risk managers and communicators, veterinarians, engineers, economists, game theorists, and others. This paper features issues related to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), highlights some of the lessons learned through these exercises, and discusses a plan of action patterned after the activities of a regional agricultural jurisdictional working group.

Keywords

agroterrorismagrosecuritybiosecuritybioterrorismforeign animal diseaselivestock
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , June 2007 , pp. 89 - 103
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Ackerman, GA and Giroux, J (2006). A history of biological disasters of animal origin in North America. Revue Scientifique et Technique 25(1): 83–92.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Alexandersen, S, Zhang, A, Donaldson, AI and Garland, AJM (2003). Review: the pathogenesis and diagnosis of foot-and-mouth disease. Journal of Comparative Pathology 129: 1–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
APHIS Fact Sheet (March 2007). Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine. Available online at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/fsheet_faq_notice/fs_ahfmdvac.pdfGoogle Scholar
AVMA Foot and Mouth Disease Backgrounder, February 14, 2007, American Veterinary Medical Association. Available online at http://www.avma.org/public_health/fmd_bgnd.aspGoogle Scholar
Breeze, R (2004). Agroterrorism: Betting Far More than the Farm, Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science, Vol. 2, No. 4. New Rochelle, NY: Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.Google Scholar
Breeze, R (2006). Technology, public policy and control of transboundary livestock diseases in our lifetimes. Revue Scientifique et Technique 25(1): 271–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Buck, DA, Trainor, JE and Aguirre, BE (2006). A critical evaluation of the incident command system and NIMS. Journal of Homeland Security and Emergency Management 3 (1): 1–27. Available online at http://www.bepress.com/jhsem/vol3/iss3/1/CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cain, S (2001). Agroterrorism, Purdue Extension Document. Available online at http://www.ces.purdue.edu/eden/disasters/agro/Agroterrorism.docGoogle Scholar
Carlton, J (2007). Are we prepared for FMD? Bovine Veterinarian, Section B January Available online at http://www.dairyherd.com or http://www.drovers.comGoogle Scholar
Carus, WS (2001). Bioterrorism and Biocrimes: The Illicit Use of Biological Agents Since 1900 (Working Paper). National Defense University. Available online at http://www.ndu.edu/centercounter/Full_Doc.pdfGoogle Scholar
Constitution of the United States of America, 1788, and Article V of the Amendments, 1791.Google Scholar
DEFRA – Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. Farm Incomes in the United Kingdom 2001/2002, Chapter 6. Available online at http://statistics.defra.gov.uk/esg/publications/fiuk/2002/c6.pdfGoogle Scholar
Donaldson, AI (1987). Foot-and-mouth disease: the principal features. Irish Veterinary Journal 41: 325–327.Google Scholar
Government Accountability Office (2005). Homeland Security: Much Is Being Done to Protect Agriculture from Terrorist Attack, but Important Challenges Remain. GAO-05-214.Google Scholar
Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP). Available online at http://hseep.dhs.govGoogle Scholar
Homeland Security Presidential Directives. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
HSPD-3: Homeland Security Advisory System. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/hspd-3.htmGoogle Scholar
HSPD-4: National Strategy to Combat Weapons of Mass Destruction (Unclassified Version). Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/nspd-17.htmlGoogle Scholar
HSPD-5: Management of Domestic Incidents. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/hspd-5.htmlGoogle Scholar
HSPD-7: Critical Infrastructure Identification, Prioritization, and Protection. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/hspd-7.htmlGoogle Scholar
HSPD-8: National Preparedness. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/hspd-8.htmlGoogle Scholar
HSPD-9: Defense of United States Agriculture and Food. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/hspd-9.htmlGoogle Scholar
HSPD-10: Biodefense for the 21st Century. Available online at http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/nspd/hspd-10.htmlGoogle Scholar
Kelly, AM (2007). Veterinary medicine in the 21st century: the challenge of biosecurity. ILAR Journal 46(1).Google Scholar
Larson, B and Loneragan, G (eds) (2007). 2006 Foot and Mouth Disease Summit, National Cattlemen's Beef Association. Available online at http://www.fmdinfo.orgGoogle Scholar
McKenna, T (2006). In: Larson, B and Loneragan, G (eds) (2007). 2006 Foot and Mouth Disease Summit, National Cattlemens Beef Association. Available online at http://www.fmdinfo.orgGoogle Scholar
Merck, Veterinary Manual (2005). 9th edn. Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA: Merck & Co., Inc., Available online at http://www.merckvetmanual.com/mvm/index.jsp?cfile=htm/bc/51000.htm&word=foot%2cand%2cmouthGoogle Scholar
Monke, J (2006). Agroterrorism: Threats and Preparedness. CRS Report for Congress, updated 25 August 2006, Order Code RL32521.Google Scholar
NAHEMS (2005). National Animal Health Emergency Management System Guidelines. USDA-Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Draft, FOUO. Available online at http://emrs.aphis.usda.gov/nahems.htmlGoogle Scholar
NEWS & TERRORISM Communicating in a Crisis, 2005. A fact sheet from the National Academies and the US Department of Homeland Security.Google Scholar
OIE, 2002. Disease Card: Animal Disease, Foot and Mouth Disease. Available online at http://www.oie.int/eng/maladies/fiches/a_A010.htmGoogle Scholar
Poulin, MC and Christianson, WT (2006). On-farm eradication of foot-and-mouth disease as an alternative to mass culling. The Veterinary Record 158: 467–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ryan, R (2005). Risk assessment to drive research for contaminant detection, food processing, decontamination, and disposal session. In: Proceedings of the Institute of Food Technologists First Annual Food Protection and Defense Research Conference, 3–4 November 2005, Atlanta, Georgia.Google Scholar
Scudamore, JM (2002). Origin of the UK Foot and Mouth Disease Epidemic in 2001. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, J. M. Scudamore, Chief Veterinary Officer (Agency Document).Google Scholar
Taylor, I and Tricker, M (2006). Local-authority led economic regeneration strategies in the aftermath of the foot-and-mouth disease crisis of 2001. Local Economy 21 (3): 279–291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
USDA APHIS Fact Sheets. Foot-and-Mouth Disease, 2007. Available online at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_foot_mouth_disease07.pdf. Emergency Response: Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other Foreign Animal Diseases, 2007. Available online at. http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_emer_response_fmd_07.pdf. Protecting America from Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Other High-Consequence Livestock Diseases, 2007. Available online at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_fmd_vaccine_07.pdf. Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine, 2007. Available online at http://www.aphis.usda.gov/publications/animal_health/content/printable_version/fs_fmd_vaccine_07.pdf. Emergency Management Response System (EMRS) Fact Sheet, undated. Available online at http://emrs.aphis.usda.gov/EMRS_Fact_Sheet.pdfGoogle Scholar
USDA-ERS (Economic Research Service) (2006). Table 7. Food Expenditures by Families and Individuals as a Share of Disposable Personal Income. Available online at http://www.ers.usda.gov/Briefing/CPIFoodAndExpenditures/Data/table7.htmGoogle Scholar
USDA-ERS (2007). Table 29 Value Added to the U.S. Economy by the Agricultural Sector. Available online at http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/agoutlook/aotables/2007/02Feb/Ao0207.pdfGoogle Scholar
Wheelis, M, Casagrande, R and Madden, L (2002). Biological attack on agriculture: low-tech, high-impact bioterrorism. BioScience 52 (7): 569–576.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zhuang, J and Bier, VM (2007). Balancing terrorism and natural disasters defensive strategy with endogenous attacker effort. Operations Research: In press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Exercises

Aphtosa (2004). (Agency Document.) Available online at http://www.animalagriculture.org/aboutNIAA/committees/AHEM/AHEM_2005Report.asp

Kansas High Stakes (2003). (Agency Document.) Available online at http://nabc.ksu.edu/assets/uploads/hi_stakes_final_report.pdf

Operation Palo Duro, February 2007, after action report still in review – not available May 2007. Available online at http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/emergency/exercises/exercises.shtml

Panhandle Exercise (2002). Texas Animal Health Commission. (Agency Document.) Available online at http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/emergency/exercises/Panhandle_Exercise_Report.pdf

USDA Office of Homeland Security, FASCC FMD TTX Review and Actions (Oct 06) Final (Agency Document).

Tri-Partite Simulation Exercise (2000). (Agency Document.) Available online at http://www.tahc.state.tx.us/emergency/exercises/tripartite.shtml

Tripartite Equinox (2005). Not Aware of Public Access. (Agency Document.) Available online at http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/corpaffr/newcom/2005/20050318e.shtml