Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-l7hp2 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T10:11:30.889Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Pestivirus control programs: how far have we come and where are we going?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 June 2015

Volker Moennig  and
Paul Becher
Volker Moennig*
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
Paul Becher
Affiliation:
Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Bünteweg 17, D-30559 Hannover, Germany
*
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) is endemic in large parts of the world and it is a major threat to the pig industry in general. Vaccination and stamping out have been the most successful tools for the control and elimination of the disease. The systematic use of modified live vaccines (MLV), which are very efficacious and safe, has often preceded the elimination of CSF from regions or countries. Oral vaccination using MLV is a powerful tool for the elimination of CSF from wild boar populations. Bovine virus diarrhea (BVD) is endemic in bovine populations worldwide and programs for its control are only slowly gaining ground. With two genotypes BVD virus (BVDV) is genetically more diverse than CSF virus (CSFV). BVDV crosses the placenta of pregnant cattle resulting in the birth of persistently infected (PI) calves. PI animals shed enormous amounts of virus for the rest of their lives and they are the reservoir for the spread of BVDV in cattle populations. They are the main reason for the failure of conventional control strategies based on vaccination only. In Europe two different approaches for the successful control of BVD are being used: Elimination of PI animals without or with the optional use of vaccines, respectively.

Keywords

bovine viral diarrheaclassical swine feverpestivirus control
Type
Review Article
Information
Animal Health Research Reviews , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , June 2015 , pp. 83 - 87
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anonymus (2001). COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 2001/89/EC on Community measures for the control of classical swine fever. Official Journal of the European Communities L 316: 5–37.Google Scholar
Anonymus (2002). COMMISSION DECISION approving a Diagnostic Manual establishing diagnostic procedures, sampling methods and criteria for evaluation of the laboratory tests for the confirmation of classical swine fever. Official Journal of the European Communities L 39: 71–88.Google Scholar
Anonymus (2006). COMMISSION DECISION approving the plans for the eradication of classical swine fever in feral pigs and the emergency vaccination of those pigs and of pigs in holdings against that disease in Romania. Official Journal of the European Union L 329: 34–37.Google Scholar
Bachofen, C, Stalder, H, Vogt, HR, Wegmuller, M, Schweizer, M, Zanoni, R and Peterhans, E (2013). Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD): from biology to control. Berliner und Munchener tierarztliche Wochenschrift 126: 452–461.Google ScholarPubMed
Becher, P and Tautz, N (2011). RNA recombination in pestiviruses: cellular RNA sequences in viral genomes highlight the role of host factors for viral persistence and lethal disease. RNA biology 8: 216–224.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beer, M, Reimann, I, Hoffmann, B and Depner, K (2007). Novel marker vaccines against classical swine fever. Vaccine 25: 5665–5670.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bitsch, V and Ronsholt, L (1995). Control of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection without vaccines. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 11: 627–640.Google ScholarPubMed
Bottcher, J, Gottschalk, E, Greiser-Wilke, I, Moennig, V, Bommeli, W and Liess, B (1993). Diagnosis of bovine virus diarrhoea by two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Revue Scientifique et Technique 12: 461–469.Google Scholar
Coggins, L, Gillespie, JH, Robson, DS, Thompson, JD, Phillips, WV, Wagner, WC and Baker, JA (1961). Attenuation of virus diarrhea virus (strain Oregon C24 V) for vaccine purposes. The Cornell Veterinarian 51: 539–545.Google Scholar
Deutskens, F, Lamp, B, Riedel, CM, Wentz, E, Lochnit, G, Doll, K, Thiel, HJ and Rumenapf, T (2011). Vaccine-induced antibodies linked to bovine neonatal pancytopenia (BNP) recognize cattle major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I). Veterinary Research 42: 97.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Floegel-Niesmann, G and Moennig, V (2004). Quality management in reference tests for the diagnosis of classical swine fever. Revue Scientifique et Technique 23: 895–903.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frey, HR, Eicken, K, Grummer, B, Kenklies, S, Oguzoglu, TC and Moennig, V (2002). Foetal protection against bovine virus diarrhoea virus after two-step vaccination. Journal of Veterinary Medicine 49: 489–493.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gottschalk, EE, Greiser-Wilke, I, Frey, HR, Liess, B and Moennig, V (1992). An antigen capture test for the detection of cattle viremic with bovine viral diarrhoea virus–a comparison with BVD virus isolation from buffy coat cells in bovine kidney cells. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B39: 467–472.Google Scholar
Houe, H (1999). Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Veterinary Microbiology 64: 89–107.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jenckel, M, Hoper, D, Schirrmeier, H, Reimann, I, Goller, KV, Hoffmann, B and Beer, M (2014). Mixed Triple: allied viruses in unique isolates of recent highly virulent type 2 bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV-2) detected by deep sequencing. Journal of Virology 88: 6983–6992.Google Scholar
Kaden, V and Lange, B (2001). Oral immunisation against classical swine fever (CSF): onset and duration of immunity. Veterinary Microbiology 82: 301–310.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaden, V, Schurig, U and Steyer, H (2001). Oral immunization of pigs against classical swine fever. Course of the disease and virus transmission after simultaneous vaccination and infection. Acta Virology 45: 23–29.Google ScholarPubMed
Lindberg, AL and Alenius, S (1999). Principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations. Veterinary Microbiology 64: 197–222.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Moennig, V, Houe, H and Lindberg, A (2005). BVD control in Europe: current status and perspectives. Animal Health Research Reviews 6: 63–74.Google Scholar
O'Rourke, K (2002). BVDV: 40 years of effort and the disease still has a firm hold. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association 220: 1770–1773.Google Scholar
Olafson, R, MacCallum, AD and Fox, FH (1946). An apparently new transmissible disease of cattle. Cornell Veterinarian 36: 205–213.Google ScholarPubMed
Rebhun, WC, French, TW, Perdrizet, JA, Dubovi, EJ, Dill, SG and Karcher, LF (1989). Thrombocytopenia associated with acute bovine virus diarrhea infection in cattle. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine 3: 42–46.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ridpath, JF (2005). Practical significance of heterogeneity among BVDV strains: impact of biotype and genotype on U.S. control programs. Preventive veterinary medicine 72: 17–30; discussion 215–9.Google Scholar
Ridpath, JF (2013). Immunology of BVDV vaccines. Biologicals 41: 14–19.Google Scholar
Ridpath, JF, Bolin, SR and Dubovi, EJ (1994). Segregation of bovine viral diarrhea virus into genotypes. Virology 205: 66–74.Google Scholar
Rossmanith, W, Deinhofer, M, Janacek, R, Trampler, R and Wilhelm, E (2010). Voluntary and compulsory eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in Lower Austria. Veterinary Microbiology 142: 143–149.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rossmanith, W, Janacek, R and Wilhelm, E (2005). Control of BVDV-infection on common grassland–the key for successful BVDV-eradication in Lower Austria. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 72: 133–137; discussion 215–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sandvik, T (2004). Progress of control and prevention programs for bovine viral diarrhea virus in Europe. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 20: 151–169.Google Scholar
Stegeman, A, Elbers, A, de Smit, H, Moser, H, Smak, J and Pluimers, F (2000). The 1997–1998 epidemic of classical swine fever in the netherlands. Veterinary Microbiology 73: 183–196.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terpstra, C (1987). Epizootiology of swine fever. Veterinary Quarterly 9 (suppl. 1): 50S–60S.Google Scholar
Terpstra, C and Robijns, KG (1977). Experience with regional vaccination against swine fever in enzootic areas for limited periods using C-strain virus. Tijdschr Diergeneeskd 102: 106–112.Google ScholarPubMed
Van Oirschot, JT, Bruschke, CJ and van Rijn, PA (1999). Vaccination of cattle against bovine viral diarrhoea. Veterinary Microbiology 64: 169–183.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
von Ruden, S, Staubach, C, Kaden, V, Hess, RG, Blicke, J, Kuhne, S, Sonnenburg, J, Frohlich, A, Teuffert, J and Moennig, V (2008). Retrospective analysis of the oral immunisation of wild boar populations against classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in region Eifel of Rhineland-Palatinate. Veterinary Microbiology 132: 29–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zimmer, GM, Wentink, GH, Bruschke, C, Westenbrink, FJ, Brinkhof, J and De, GI (2002). Failure of foetal protection after vaccination against an experimental infection with bovine virus diarrhea virus. Veterinary Microbiology 89: 255–265.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed