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A survey on population, distribution, management and utilisation of indigenous Tswana pigs in Southern Botswana

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

S.J. Nsoso
Affiliation:
Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone Botswana
S. Mosweu
Affiliation:
Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone Botswana
L. Malela
Affiliation:
Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone Botswana
B. Podisi
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Research, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
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Summary

Indigenous Tswana pigs are mostly found in Southern Botswana. There is concern that the breed may become extinct due to the low usage of the breed and the lack of implementation of a comprehensive conservation strategy. The objectives of this study were to identify places where indigenous Tswana pigs are kept in Gaborone Agricultural Region and document the numbers, distribution, management and utilisation of these pigs. A formal questionnaire was administered to all indigenous pig farmers who could be identified. The data was analysed using procedure frequency in Statistical System Analysis. A total of 51 indigenous pig farmers were interviewed, of these 71%, 16% and 14% were in Southeast, Kgatleng and Kweneng districts respectively. Only one farmer kept crossbreeds with the majority keeping pure indigenous Tswana. A total of 124 sows, 23 boars, 32 castrates and 211 piglets were counted in this region. All the pigs were kept under the communal system. None of the farmers surveyed kept records and they exhibited limited knowledge of pig farming and improved management. Pigs were kept for home consumption with very few sold, given out as gifts or loaned out. Pig fat was used as a by-product to make soap and a lubricant in traditional leather rope making. The farmers’ perception of indigenous pigs is good; they claim that the pigs posses traits of economic importance such as high heat and drought tolerance, which are of great significance in the harsh climatic conditions of Botswana. There is a need to undertake conservation efforts for this breed given that it survives and reproduces under harsh climatic conditions and sub-standard management. More research and further action is required to increase the production of this breed.

Resumen

La raza porcina indígena Tswana se encuentra mayormente en la región sur de Botswana. Se cree que esta raza pueda extinguirse debido a la falta de utilización y al no existir un programa claro de estrategia de conservación. Los objetivos de este estudio fueron identificar los lugares en los que la raza Tswana se encuentra en la zona agrícola de Gaborono y documentar el número, distribución, manejo y utilización de estos cerdos. Se distribuyó un cuestionario a todos los ganaderos que se pudieron identificar y que poseen estos animales. Se analizaron los datos utilizando la procedura de frecuencia de SSA.Un total de 51 ganaderos fueron entrevistados y de estos 71%, 16% y 14% se encontraban en la zona sureste de Kgatlen y Kweneng, respectivamente. Solo un ganadero mantenía los cruces en mayoría con la raza pura indígena Tswana. Un total de 124 cerdas, 23 machos, y 32 castrados y 211 lechones fueron censados en esta región. Todos los cerdos se criaban en condiciones comunales y ninguno de los ganaderos entrevistados mantenía un control; también mostraron pocos conocimientos sobre el manejo y mejora de cerdos. Los animales se crían para consumo casero con escasos entrantes y a veces sirven como regalo o préstamo. La grasa del cerdo se utiliza como sub-producto para hacer jabón y como lubrificante en la fabricación de cuero. La percepción por parte de los ganaderos sobre esta raza es buena, manifestaron que esta raza posee rasgos económicos importantes tales como tolerancia a la sequía y altas temperaturas, lo cual resulta de gran ayuda en las condiciones climáticas de Botswana. Existe la necesidad de llevar a cabo un programa de conservación teniendo en cuenta la capacidad de sobrevivencia y reproducción en condiciones climáticas y de manejo extremas. Se necesitará mayor investigación y acciones para incrementar la producción de esta raza.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2004

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