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Morphological characterization of indigenous chickens of Sikkim and West Bengal, India

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 August 2012

Sandip Banerjee
Sandip Banerjee*
Affiliation:
B-1/87, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India
*
Correspondence to: Sandip Banerjee, B-1/87, Kalyani, Dist, Nadia, West Bengal 741235, India. [email protected] and [email protected]
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Summary

The study was conducted to characterize the variations in physical characters and some important feather and skin mutations observed in different populations of native chickens of West Bengal and Sikkim, India. The data encompassing eight different phenotypes such as, naked neck chicken, frizzled chicken, muffed/bearded chicken, creeper chicken, crested chicken, rumpless chicken, feathered shank chicken and fibromelanosis chicken, were collected from six districts of West Bengal and two districts of Sikkim. Seven qualitative traits such as colour of the egg shell, feather, skin, shank, comb and earlobe as well as the type of feather, and three quantitative traits such as shank length, egg weight and body weight, were assessed in a total of 2 170 fowls of both sexes. The data were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics, the differences in means were compared using Duncan's multiple range test and χ2 was used for non-parametric characters. Each of the populations had multiple variants and mixed feather colours were seen in most of the chickens while the feather, skin and shank colours were all black in fibromelanosis chickens. The shank colour was predominantly blue, followed by yellow and white. The skin colour in most of the chickens was white. Most of the chickens had a single comb (except for the crested chicken). The highest body weight was observed in the desi chicken while the rumpless chicken weighed the least. The egg-shell colour varied between cream and light brown in all the flocks except for the fibromelanosis chicken whose egg-shell colour was tinted bluish. The highest recorded egg weight was observed in the naked neck chicken, whereas the hatchability and egg weight were the lowest for the rumpless chicken. In the recent years, it has been observed that there is a significant reduction in the population of native chickens. This may be attributed to the restocking with Rhode Island Red and synthetic Kruilor chickens following the avian influenza outbreaks in the region. Hence, immediate steps need to be taken to preserve whatever is left in the native chicken ecotypes in the region.

Résumé

L'étude a été dirigée pour caractériser les variations dans les caractères physiques et les aspects utiles de quelque plume important et de mutations de peau a observé dans la population différente de poulets natals de Bengale et de Sikkim d'ouest (l'Inde). L'étude a été dirigée à six quartiers de Bengale d'ouest et deux emplacements d'entourer de Sikkim huit mutations différentes dans les poulets. Sept quantitatif et deux traits qualitatifs ont été évalués dans une population de 2 170 volailles des deux les sexes. Les données ont été statistiquement ana - lysées utilisant la statistique descriptive, les différences dans les moyens ont été évaluées utiliser Duncan le test de Gamme Multiples et le carré de chi ont été utilisés pour non les caractères paramétriques. Chacune des populations ont eu des variantes multiples et la couleur de plume mélangée a été vue dans la plupart des poulets pendant que la plume, la couleur de peau et jambe était noire dans les poulets avec fibromelanin. La couleur de jambe était d'une manière prédominante bleue, suivie par le jaune et le blanc. La couleur de peau dans la plupart des poulets était blanche, le peigne, blanc seul et des lobes le. Le plus haut poids a été observé dans le poulet de desi pendant que le chiffonne a pesé le moins. La couleur de coquille d'oeuf a varié entre la crème pour allumer le marron dans tous les troupeaux sauf l'une de fibromelanin où la couleur de coquille a été teintée bleuâtre. Le plus haut poids d'oeuf enregistré a été observé dans les poulets de cou nus où comme le poids de hatchability et oeuf était le plus bas pour le chiffonne des poulets. Il a été observé qu'il y a une réduction significative dans la population de poulets natals. Ceci pourrait être attribué au regarnir avec Rhode Island poulets Rouges et la tache de Kruilor synthétique qui suivent la grippe d'avian dans la région. Donc, les étapes immédiates ont besoin d'être pris pour conserver quoi qu'est parti de l'ecotypes natal actuel dans la région.

Resumen

El presente estudio fue realizado para caracterizar las variaciones en caracteres físicos y aspectos útiles de algunas mutaciones importantes de pluma y piel que se observaron en diferentes poblaciones de gallinas nativas de Bengala Occidental y Sikkim (India). El estudio fue realizado en seis distritos de Bengala Occidental y dos localidades de Sikkim abarcando ocho mutaciones diferentes. Siete caracteres cuantitativos y dos cualitativos fueron valorados en una población de 2 170 aves de ambos los sexos. Los datos fueron analizados estadísticamente utilizando la estadística descriptiva, las diferencias de medias fueron valoradas utilizando la prueba deRangos Múltiples de Duncan, utilizando el ji cuadrado para los caracteres no paramétricos. Cada una de las poblaciones mostró múltiples variantes de color de pluma, mientras que la mayor parte de los colores de pluma, color de piel y patas fue negro en los pollos con fibromelanina. El color de las patas fue predominantemente azul, seguido de amarillo y blanco. El color de la piel en la mayor parte de las aves fue blanco, combinado, y orejillas blancas. El color de la cáscara del huevo varió entre nata y marrón en todas las poblaciones menos los que poseían fibromelanina, en los que el color de la cáscara estaba teñido de azulado. El peso registrado más alto del huevo fue observado en los pollos de cuello pelado, mientras que el peso del huevo fue más bajo para los pollos de arrugas. Se ha observado que hay una reducción significativa en la población de pollos nativos. Esto puede ser atribuido a la reposición con Rhode Island Roja y con la población sintética Kruilor, que siguió a la epidemia de gripe aviar en la región. De ahí, que pasos inmediatos deben ser dados para preservar lo que ha quedado de los ecotipos nativos existentes en la región.

Keywords

native chickenmorphological characterizationWest BengalSikkimIndiapoules indigènescaractérisation morphologiqueBengale occidentalSikkimIndepollo autóctonocaracterización morfológicaBengala OccidentalSikkimIndia
Type
Research Article
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 51 , December 2012 , pp. 57 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2012

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