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CONSERVATION OF ANIMAL GENETIC RESOURCES IN THE USSR

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

N.G ‘Dmitriev
N.G ‘Dmitriev
Affiliation:
Research Institute for Farm Animal Breeding & Genetics, 188620 Leningrad Pushkin, moskovskoye Shosse 55a USSR
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Summary

Many valuable local breeds of farm animals in the USSR have either been lost or are in an endangered state. Concern about this loss of gene resources has led to the inclusion of a genetic resources programme in the overall state plan for the genetic improvement of livestock. It includes programmes for live animal conservation and setting up of gene banks. The former activity is carried out in special state gene pool farms, one for each geographical zone, where 500 purebred cows are maintained under a rotational outbred system of mating. Semen banks of most local breeds of livestock have also been established at animal husbandry institutes. Current research emphasis is on long term embryo storage and establishment of banks of somatic cells of local breeds.

Resume

En URSS, de nombreuses races locales utiles d'animaux de ferme ont disparu ou sont menaceés d'extinction. L'inquiétude suscitée par cette perte de ressources génétiques a conduit A incorporer un programme de ressources genétiques dans le plan ggnéral officiel d'amélioration génétique du bétail. Celui-ci prévoit notamment la conservation d'animaux vivants et la création de banques de génes. Cette premiére activité menée dans des fermes étatiques spéciales, A raison d'une dans chaque zone géographique, qui renferment des “pools” de génes et dans lesquelles 500 vaches de race pure sont soumises à un systéme dlaccouplement en rotation avec des bovins dlauttes races.

Des banques de sperme de la plupart des races animales locales ont aussi été créées dans les instituts zootechniques. à l'heure actuelle, la recherche met l'accent sur le stockage prolongs d'embryons et sur la création de banques de cellules somatiques de races locales.

Resumen

En la URSS se han perdido o corren peligro de perderse muchas razas pecuarias locales valiosas. La inquietud acerca de esta pérdida de recursos genéticos ha llevado a incluir en el plan general del estado para el mejoramiento genético del ganado un programa sobre recursos genéticos. Este abarca programas de conservaci6n de animales vivos y el establecimiento de bancos de genes. La conservaci6n de animales vivos se realiza en establecimientos pecuarios especiales que funcionan como fondos comunes de genes uno para cada zona geográfica en cada uno de ellos se mantienen 500 vacas de raza pura sujetas a un sistema de cruzamiento de rotación. En institutos de zootécnica también se han establecido bancos de semen de la mayor parte de las razas locales de ganado. La investigación actual presta una atenci6n especial al almacenamiento a largo plazo de los embriones y al establecimiento de bancos de células somáticas de razas locales.

Type
Research Articles
Information
Animal Genetic Resources/Resources génétiques animales/Recursos genéticos animales , Volume 6 , April 1987 , pp. 15 - 18
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1987

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