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Animal genetic resources and traditional farming in Vietnam

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

D.T. Dong Xuan
Affiliation:
Institute for Small Animal Research, Godollo 2100, P.O. Box 417, Hungary
I. Szalay
Affiliation:
Institute for Small Animal Research, Godollo 2100, P.O. Box 417, Hungary
V.V. Su
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH), Hanoi, Tu Liem, Vietnam
H.V. Tieu
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH), Hanoi, Tu Liem, Vietnam
N. Dang Vang
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Husbandry (NIAH), Hanoi, Tu Liem, Vietnam
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Summary

The main animal feed sources in Vietnam are rice bran, rice straw, sweet potato, sugar cane, garden by-product and natural grasses. The majority of the rural population are considered to be farmers, 75% of them practice animal husbandry of which 95% includes animal production with local breeds or crosses. Local breeds or crosses produce 80% of meat and 75% of eggs. Animal production accounts for 20–25% of the total agricultural production. Pork represents 70% of domestic meat consumption.

Low external inputs are associated with the use of natural resources. Such types of natural resources as local breeds of animal are highly respected and used in a sustainable way. Uriu cattle survived the mechanisation in rice production due to the fact that the rice fields of Nghe An are full of rocks. Dong Tao chicken keeping is increasing thanks to the gourmet tastes of exigent Vietnamese consumers. Bau Qui ducks were maintained by Vietnamese of Thai ethnic tradition who killed all animals different from their breeds coming from other parts of the Quy Chau mountains, while the I pig faced the risk of extinction due to the priority given to imported pig breeds for intensive production. The tenacious and strongly built Mong Cai pig is a feature of households in semi-intensive production.

Resumen

Los principales recursos alimentarios en Vietnam provienen de la cáscara de arroz, residuos secos o paja del arroz, patata dulce, azúcar de caña, subproductos de horticultura y pastos naturales. La mayoría de las poblaciones rurales se consideran ganaderas, de las cuales el 75% se dedica a la cría ganadera y de éstos el 95% a la producción animal con razas locales o cruces. Las razas locales o sus cruces producen un 80% de carne y 75% de huevos. La producción animal representa un 20–25% de la producción agrícola total. El cerdo representa un 70% del consumo de carne.

Los aportes externos se asocian a la utilización de recursos naturales. Estos recursos naturales, tales como las razas locales de animales, están altamente respetados y utilizados de forma sostenible. La raza vacuna Uriu ha sobrevivido a la mecanización de la producción de arroz debido a que los campos de arroz de Nghe An presentan suelos altamente rocosos. La cría de los pollos Dong Tao se ha incrementado gracias al gusto exquisito de los consumidores vietnamitas que así lo requieren. La cría de patos de raza Bau Qui está en manos de los vietnamitas de origen tailandés que tradicionalmente sacrifican todos aquellos animales que no pertenezcan a las razas provenientes de las montañas de Quy Chau. Mientras que los cerdos corren el riesgo de extinción debido a la prioridad que se da a las razas de cerdos importados de producción intensiva. La tenacidad y fortaleza de la raza porcina Mong Cai es uno de los rasgos que resaltan los ganaderos de esta producción semi-intensiva.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 0000

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References

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