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CONSERVATION OF GENETIC STOCK OF CATTLE BREEDS IN THE UKRAINE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2011

J. D. Ruban
Affiliation:
Kharkov Zooveterinary Institute, kharkov, UKRAINE
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Summary

The dynamics of cattle breeds from 1935 to 1990 has been analysed in the paper. It was found out that some breeds such as the Grey Llkrainian and the White-Headed Ukrainian, were on the verge of disappearing, even certain breeds introduced in the early fifties a d well adapted since (Pinzgau, Red Polled and Brown Carpathian). Some forms and methods of conservation of cattle breeds in the Ukraine were considered. Urgent measures of conservation are required, even the number of cattle of the Simmental type was greatly reduced. The group of more recently introduced beef breeds is unstable and small. Methods of cattle breeding for 100 years have been analysed. It was stated that it was necessary to raise the importance of pedigree breeding, to change the selection index principle for cows developed by crossing related breeds of cattle. Methods and forms to conserve valuable genotypes of breeds were discussed. They will help to conserve genetic stock of cattle. It has been suggested to evolve a new type of beef Simmental cattle as well as to use the double purpose type. In order to conserve genetic stock of cattle breeds, thé theory on symmetry of Vernadsky was used. It could allow determining the interrelation “genotype-environment” The importance of continuous on-farm inspection programmes as a means of monitoring numbers and husbandry conditions is underlined.

Resume

Ce travail analyse la dynamique des races bovines de 1935 à 1990. On a trouvé que certaines races étaient sur le point de disparaître, telles que la Grey Lıkrainian et la White-Headed LTkrainian, ainsi que d'autres races introduites dans les années 80, qui cependant étaient bien adaptées; par exemple, la Pinzgau, la Red Polled et la Brown Carpathian. En outre, on analyse certaines formes et méthodes de conservation des races bovines. Il est urgent d'établir des mesures de conservation, étant donné que même des races comme celles du type Simznental présentent actuellement une forte réduction. Le groupe de races à viande introduites récemment est instable et peu nombreux. On a analysé les méthodes d'amélioration du dernier siècle. On conclu qu'il est nécessaire de redonner de l'importance à l'amélioration génétique à travers la méthode de pedigree, ainsi que de changer les principes de l'index de sélection pour les bovins avec des croisements avec des races bovines apparentées. On présente également les méthodes et formes de conservation de génotypes de races intéressants, ce qui contribuera à préserver le stock génétique bovin. On suggère de développer un nouveau type de race Simmental à viande, ainsi que d'utiliser des types à double propos. Afin de conserver les stocks génétiques des races bovines, on a utilisé la théorie sur la symétrie de Vernadsky; ce qui nous permet de déterminer la relation “génotype-environnement” On souligne l'importance des programmes de suivi dans les élevages afin de contrôler l'effectif et les conditions de la conduite.

Type
Research Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 1996

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References

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