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RESIDENTIAL HISTORIES OF THE HUMAN SACRIFICES AT THE MOON PYRAMID, TEOTIHUACAN

Evidence from oxygen and strontium isotopes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 August 2007

Christine D. White ,
T. Douglas Price  and
Fred J. Longstaffe
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Abstract

To investigate geographic origins of the sacrificial Burials 2–5 from the Moon Pyramid at Teotihuacan and to reconstruct changes in residence since their childhoods, we analyzed tooth enamel for oxygen- and strontium-isotope ratios and bone just for oxygen-isotope ratios. The combination of these analytical techniques involves both climatic and geological variables, therefore enhancing resolution of geographic identification. Most of the sacrificed individuals appear to have been born in a foreign location. These regions probably include other areas within the Basin of Mexico and the central highlands, as well as the Gulf Coast and the Sierra Madre del Sur. Other possible regions of origin are the southern highlands, the Motagua Valley, and the Maya Lowlands. There is considerable overlap in the oxygen-isotope ratios between the Moon Pyramid and Feathered Serpent Pyramid victims, but each structure contains a group of isotopically distinct individuals. The Moon Pyramid sacrifices include some individuals with high oxygen-isotope ratios, possibly indicating the Gulf Coast or Maya Lowlands, whereas the Feathered Serpent Pyramid contains a distinct group with very low oxygen-isotope ratios, possibly indicating Oaxaca, Michoacan, or the coastal plain and piedmont of Guatemala. The sacrifices in the two pyramids also differ in their patterns of movement. Most of the Moon Pyramid victims appear to have arrived in the city recently, but the majority of those from the Feathered Serpent Pyramid had lived in Teotihuacan for a long time before their death.

Resumen

Las proporciones de isótopos de oxígeno y estroncio fueron medidas en el esmalte de dientes de todos los sacrificios humanos de la Pirámide de la Luna, Teotihuacan, para investigar sus orígenes geográficos. Las proporciones de isótopos de oxígeno fueron medidas en huesos de todos los mismos individuos para determinar si ellos se habían reubicado o no desde su niñez en Teotihuacan o alguna otra región. La combinación de estas técnicas analíticas provee una resolución mucho mayor para identificar orígenes posibles porque involucra un grupo más grande de variables ambientales, por ejemplo, las proporciones de isótopos de oxígeno caracterizan temperatura, altitud, precipitación y humedad, y las proporciones de isótopos de estroncio reflejan la geología. Todos los individuos sacrificados, con una posible excepción, parecen haber nacido en un lugar extranjero. Estas regiones probablemente incluyen otras áreas dentro de la cuenca de México y la Sierra Central, así como la Costa del Golfo y la Sierra Madre del Sur. Otras posibles regiones de origen son la Sierra Meridional, el Valle de Motagua y las Tierras Bajas Mayas. Hay una considerable superposición de las proporciones de isótopos de oxígeno entre las víctimas de la Pirámide de la Luna y las de la Pirámide de la Serpiente Emplumada, pero cada estructura contiene un grupo de individuos isotópicamente distintos. La Pirámide la Luna tiene un número de individuos con proporciones de isótopos de oxígeno mucho más altas, posiblemente indicativas de individuos de la Costa del Golfo o de las Tierras Bajas Mayas, mientras que la Pirámide la Serpiente Emplumada tiene un grupo distinto de individuos con proporciones de isótopos de oxígenos muy bajas, posiblemente indicativas de Oaxaca, Michoacan o la Llanura Costanera y el Pie de Monte de Guatemala. Los sacrificios en las dos pirámides también difieren en sus patrones de movimiento. La mayoría de los de la Pirámide de la Serpiente Emplumada habían vivido en Teotihuacan por largo tiempo antes de su muerte, mientras que la mayoría de las víctimas de la Pirámide la Luna parecen haber llegado a la ciudad recientemente desde el extranjero.

Type
Research Article
Information
Ancient Mesoamerica , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , Spring 2007 , pp. 159 - 172
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2007

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