Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-r5fsc Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T11:34:16.607Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Social transformations in the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic periods in central Anatolia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Arkadiusz Marciniak
Affiliation:
University of Poznań
Lech Czerniak
Affiliation:
University of Gdańsk

Abstract

This article explores the character of social transformations within Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic communities of central Anatolia. This comprises the demise of neighbourhood communities that formed the social basis of the Early Neolithic period and the emergence of the household as a well-defined and autonomous entity. These changes are examined by focusing mainly on settlement patterns, the organisation of space and changes in architecture. The transformations are examined on the microscale, using Çatalhöyük as a case study, and on a regional scale focused on three areas of central Anatolia: the Beyşehir-Seydişehir area, the Konya plain and the Cappadocian region.

Özet

Bu makalede, Orta Anadolu'nun Geç Neolitik ve Erken Kalkolitik toplumlarında yaşanan sosyal dönüşümlerin karakteri araştırılmaktadır. Bu evre, Erken Neolitik Çağın sosyal yapısının temelini oluşturan komşu ilişkilerinin çöküşünü ve sınırları belirlenmiş, özerk bir bütünlüğü simgeleyen aile biriminin ortaya çıkışını içerir. Bu değisimler daha ziyade yerleşim dokusu, alan kullanımı ve mimarideki değişimler üzerine odaklanarak incelenmiştir. Dönüşümler, Çatalhöyük örneği temel alınarak mikro ölçekte, Orta Anadolu'nun üç ayrı bölgesine (Beyşehir-Seydişehir, Konya Ovası ve Kapadokya) odaklanarak da bölgesel ölçekte ele alınmıştır.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2007

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Baird, D. 1996: ‘Konya PlainAnatolian Archaeology 2: 12Google Scholar
Baird, D. 1997: ‘Konya PlainAnatolian Archaeology 3: 1213Google Scholar
Baird, D. 1999: ‘Konya Plain Survey, central AnatoliaAnatolian Archaeology 5: 1314Google Scholar
Baird, D. 2002: ‘Early Holocene settlement in central Anatolia. Problems and prospects as seen from the Konya plain’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 139–59Google Scholar
Baird, D. 2005: ‘The history of settlement and social landscapes in the early Holocene in the Çatalhöyük area’ in Hodder, I. (ed.), Çatalhöyük Perspectives. Reports from the 1995–99 Seasons. Cambridge: 5574Google Scholar
Bıçakçı, E. 2001: ‘Tepecik-Çiftlik Höyüğü (Niğde) kazısı ışığında Orta Anadolu Tarihönçesi kültürleri ile ilgili yeni bir değerlendirmeTÜBA-AR 4: 2541CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bıçakçı, E., Faydalı, E. 2001: ‘Tepecik-Çiftlik 2000 yılı çalışmalarıKazı Sonuçları Toplantısı 23/2: 2938Google Scholar
Biehl, P.F., Erdoğu, B., Rosenstock, E. 2006: ‘Çatalhöyük West’ 2006 Excavation Archive Report: 122–34Google Scholar
Bordaz, J., Alpers-Bordaz, L.A. 1982: ‘Erbaba, the 1977 and 1978 seasons in perspectiveTürk Arkeoloji Dergisi 26: 8592Google Scholar
Carter, T. 2005: ‘Chipped stone. Team Poznan’ Çatalhöyük 2005 Archive Report. http://www.catal-hoyuk.com/archive_reports/2005/ar05_31.htmlGoogle Scholar
Cessford, C. 2001: ‘A new dating for ÇatalhöyükAntiquity 75: 717–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cessford, C. 2005: ‘Absolute dating at Çatalhöyük’ in Hodder, I. (ed.), Changing Materialities at Çatalhöyük. Reports from the 1995–99 Seasons. Cambridge: 6599Google Scholar
Conolly, J. 1999: ‘Technical strategies and technical change at Neolithic Çatalhöyük, TurkeyAntiquity 73: 791800Google Scholar
Cutting, M. 2005. The Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Farmers of Central and Southwest Anatolia. Household, Community and the Changing Use of Space. OxfordCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Czerniak, L., Kwiatkowska, M., Marciniak, A., Pyzel, J. 2001: ‘The excavations of the TP (Team Poznań) area in the 2001 season’ Çatalhöyük 2001 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2001/ar01_04.htmlGoogle Scholar
Czerniak, L., Marciniak, A., Pyzel, J. 2002: ‘The excavations of the TP (Team Poznań) area in the 2002 season’ Çatalhöyük 2002 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2002/arO2_07.htmlGoogle Scholar
Czerniak, L., Marciniak, A. 2004: ‘New perspectives on the transition between Neolithic and Chalcolithic in central Anatolia’. Unpublished paper presented at the tenth meeting of the European Association of Archaeologists in LyonGoogle Scholar
Czerniak, L., Marciniak, A. 2005: ‘Excavations of the TP area’ Çatalhöyük 2005 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2005/ar05_17.htmlGoogle Scholar
Düring, B.S., 2001: ‘Social dimensions in the architecture of Neolithic ÇatalhöyükAnatolian Studies 51: 118CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Düring, B.S., 2002: ‘Cultural dynamics of the central Anatolian Neolithic. The Early Ceramic Neolithic–Late Ceramic Neolithic transition’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 219–36Google Scholar
Düring, B.S., 2005: ‘Building continuity in the central Anatolian Neolithic. Exploring the meaning of buildings at Aşıklı Höyük and ÇatalhöyükJournal for Mediterranean Archaeology 18: 120Google Scholar
Düring, B.S., 2006: Constructing Communities. Clustered Neighbourhood Settlements of the Central Anatolian Neolithic ca. 8500–5500 Cal. BC. LeidenGoogle Scholar
Düring, B.S., Marciniak, A. 2006: ‘Households and communities in the central Anatolian NeolithicArchaeological Dialogues 12/2: 165–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duru, G. 2002: ‘Some architectural indications for the origin of central Anatolia’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 171–80Google Scholar
Duru, R. 1994: Kuruçay Höyük. Results of Excavations 1978–1988. The Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic Periods. AnkaraGoogle Scholar
Duru, R. 1999: ‘The Neolithic of the Lake District’ in Özdoğan, M., Başgelen, N. (eds), Neolithic in Turkey. The Cradle of Civilization. Istanbul: 165–91Google Scholar
Farid, S. 2005a: ‘Çatalhöyük – two mounds, one site’ ZAKS Newsletter. 36Google Scholar
Farid, S. 2005b: ‘Excavations of the south area. Concluding remarks’ Çatalhöyük 2005 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2005/arO5_16.htmlGoogle Scholar
French, D. 1967: ‘Excavations at Can Hasan, 1966. Sixth preliminary reportAnatolian Studies 17: 165–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, D. 1970: ‘Can HasanTürk Arkeoloji Dergisi 19: 3944Google Scholar
French, D. 1998: Canhasan Sites I. Stratigraphy and Structures. LondonGoogle Scholar
French, D. 2005: Canhasan Sites 2: Canhasan I: The Pottery. LondonGoogle Scholar
Gérard, F. 2002: ‘Transformations and societies in the Neolithic of central Anatolia’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds.), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 105–17Google Scholar
Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds) 2002: The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. IstanbulGoogle Scholar
Gibson, C., Hamilton, N., Last, J. 2000: ‘Excavations at Çatalhöyük West’ Çatalhöyük Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2000/ar00_05.htmlGoogle Scholar
Gibson, C., Last, J. 2001: ‘West Mound excavations 2001’ Çatalhöyük 2001 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2001/ar01_05.htmlGoogle Scholar
Gibson, C., Last, J. 2003: ‘West Mound excavations’ Çatalhöyük 2003 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/2003/ar03_11.htmlGoogle Scholar
Göktürk, E.H., Hillegonds, D.J., Lipschutz, M.E., Hodder, I. 2002: ‘Accelerator mass spectrometry dating at ÇatalhöyükRadiochmica 90: 407–10Google Scholar
Hamilton, N. 1996: ‘Figurines, clay balls, small finds and burials’ in Hodder, I. (ed.), On the Surface. Çatalhöyük 1993–95. Cambridge: 215–64Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 2005a: ‘Introduction’ in Hodder, I. (ed.), Çatalhöyük Perspectives. Reports from the 1995–99 Seasons. Cambridge: 114Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 2005b: ‘Memory’ in Hodder, I. (ed.), Çatalhöyük Perspectives. Reports from the 1995–99 Seasons. Cambridge: 183–95Google Scholar
Hodder, I. 2006: Çatalhöyük the Leopard's Tale: Revealing the Mysteries of Turkey's Ancient Town. LondonGoogle Scholar
Kuijt, I. 2001: ‘Place, death and the transmission of social memory in early agricultural communities of the Near Eastern Pre-Pottery Neolithic’ in Chesson, M.S. (ed.), Social Memory, Identity and Death. Anthropological Perspectives on Mortuary Rituals. Arlington, VA: 8099Google Scholar
Last, J. 1996: ‘Surface pottery at Çatalhöyük’ in Hodder, I. (ed.), On the Surface Çatalhöyük 1993–95. Cambridge: 115–72Google Scholar
Last, J. 1998: ‘Excavations on the West Mound at Çatalhöyük 1998’ Çatalhöyük 1998 Archive Report. http://www.catalhoyuk.com/archive_reports/1998/ar98_05.htmlGoogle Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1954: ‘Preliminary report on a survey of pre-Classical remains in southern TurkeyAnatolian Studies 4: 175240CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1958: ‘The Neolithic obsidian industry of Ilıcapınar and its relationsIstanbuler Mitteilungen 8: 8292Google Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1961: ‘Early culture of the south Anatolian plateauAnatolian Studies 11: 159–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1965: ‘Çatal Hüyük WestAnatolian Studies 15: 135–56Google Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1966: ‘Excavations at Çatal Höyük. Fourth preliminary report, 1965Anatolian Studies 16: 165–91CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1967: Çatal Höyük. A Neolithic Town in Anatolia. LondonGoogle Scholar
Mellaart, J. 1970: Excavations at Hacılar. EdinburghGoogle Scholar
Özbaşaran, M., Buitenhuis, H. 2002: ‘Proposal for a regional chronology for central Anatolia’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 6777Google Scholar
Öztan, A., Faydalı, E. 2003: ‘An Early Chalcolithic building from Kösk HöyükBelleten 67/248: 4575CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roodenberg, J.J. 1995: The Ilıpınar Excavations I. Five Seasons of Fieldwork in Northwest Anatolia, 1987–91. LeidenGoogle Scholar
Schoop, U.-D. 2005a: Das Anatolische Chalkolithikum. Eine Chronologische Untersuchung zur Vorbronzezeitlichen Kultursequenz im Nördlichen Zentralanatolien und den angrenzenden Gebieten. RemshaldenGoogle Scholar
Schoop, U.-D. 2005b: ‘The late escape of the Neolithic from the central Anatolian plain’ in Lichter, C. (ed.), How Did Farming Reach Europe? Anatolian-European Relations from the Second Half of the Seventh Through the First Half of the Sixth Millennium BC. Istanbul: 4158Google Scholar
Seeher, J. 1987: ‘Die Keramik 1’ in Korfmann, M. (ed.), Demiriçihöyük. Die Ergebnisse der Ausgrabungen 1975–1978, Bd III.1. Mainz am RheinGoogle Scholar
Silistreli, U. 1984: ‘Köşk Höyük, 1983Anatolian Studies 34: 223–24Google Scholar
Silistreli, U. 1985: ‘Köşk Höyük, 1984Anatolian Studies 35: 199201Google Scholar
Silistreli, U. 1986: ‘Köşk Höyük, 1985Anatolian Studies 36: 203–04Google Scholar
Silistreli, U. 1989: ‘Köşk Höyük'te bulunan kabartma insan ve hayvan figürleriyle bezeli vazolarBelleten 53: 361–74Google Scholar
Summers, G. 1991: ‘Chalcolithic pottery from Kabakulak (Niğde) collected by Ian ToddAnatolian Studies 41: 125–31Google Scholar
Todd, I. 1967: ‘Central Anatolian surveyAnatolian Studies 17: 1112Google Scholar
Todd, I. 1980: The Prehistory of Central Anatolia I. The Neolithic Period. GöteborgGoogle Scholar
Thissen, L. 1999: ‘Trajectories towards the neolithisation of northwest TurkeyDocumenta Praehistorica 26: 2939Google Scholar
Thissen, L. 2002a: ‘Time trajectories for the Neolithic of central Anatolia’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 1326Google Scholar
Thissen, L. 2002b: ‘Appendix I, CANeW charts. Central Anatolia, 10,000–5,000 cal. BC’ in Gérard, F., Thissen, L. (eds), The Neolithic of Central Anatolia. Internal Developments and External Relations During the 9th–6th Millennia cal. BC. Istanbul: 324–27Google Scholar
Voigt, M.M. 2000: ‘Çatal Höyük in context. Ritual at Early Neolithic sites in central and eastern Turkey’ in Kuijt, I. (ed.), Life in Neolithic Farming Communities. Social Organization, Identity and Differentiation. New York: 253–93Google Scholar