Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-dlnhk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T07:01:41.140Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Pioneer, Scholar, and Victim: an Appreciation of Frank Calvert (1828–1908)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Extract

For over a century, the names “Schliemann” and “Troy” have been virtually synonymous, and the story of Schliemann's boyhood dream to discover Troy has gripped the imagination of millions. This romantic tale, though created for a different purpose, effectively obscures the fact that Schliemann would never have excavated Hissarlik—then the suspected site of Troy—had it not been for Frank Calvert, a man of whom, thanks in large part to Schliemann's misrepresentations, few people had ever heard. Only in recent years, when Schliemann's claims were finally examined impartially, has there been any appreciation of the debt Schliemann owed to Calvert, and of Calvert's own archaeological achievements. Today, Calvert's contributions to other fields of scientific study are beginning to be mentioned, but Calvert himself still remains virtually unknown.

Frank Calvert was a pivotal figure in the history of the Troad. He deserves recognition for a number of reasons, not the least of which is the fact that he prepared the ground for Schliemann and, by his generosity and constant assistance to Schliemann, enabled him to transform himself with such spectacular success from a businessman into an archaeologist.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1994

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

British Museum: Archives. Official Reports, Vol. 71, No. 37, August–December, 1863.Google Scholar
British Museum: Greek and Roman Department. Calvert, letter to Newton, September, 1863.Google Scholar
British Library, Manuscript Division: Greaves, note to Gladstone, May 13, 1865. Doc. Nr. 44406.Google Scholar
Foreign Office. Statement of Services, 18751876.Google Scholar
Public Record Office, Kew, Richmond, Surrey: PRO FO 78/2066 (18621868) Turkey. General Correspondence. Charge against Mr. Calvert.Google Scholar
Public Record Office, Kew, Richmond, Surrey: PRO FO 195/775. Turkey. Correspondence. George Henry Clifton, letter to Lord Lyons, December 9, 1865.Google Scholar
Athens, Gennadius Library, American School of Classical Studies: Athens 63/11. Calvert, letter to Schliemann, January 13, 1869.Google Scholar
Athens, Gennadius Library, American School of Classical Studies: Athens 63/143. Calvert, letter to Schliemann, March 8, 1869.Google Scholar
Athens, Gennadius Library, American School of Classical Studies: Athens 63/154. Calvert, letter to Schliemann, March 10, 1869.Google Scholar
Athens, Gennadius Library, American School of Classical Studies: Athens, 85/156. Calvert, letter to Schliemann, March 17, 1881.Google Scholar
Department of State: Dardanelles Consular Agency, Correspondence Received 18441910, National Archives, Diplomatic Branch, Washington, D.C. and on microfilm, National Archives Microcopy No. T–194, Despatches from United States Consuls in Constantinople 18201906, Washington: 1961.Google Scholar
Harvard University: Reports Relative to British Consular Establishments Part III (Ottoman Dominions), 1872. Parliament, House of Commons, Folio, “Collection of 27 British Parliament Papers Concerning Consuls,” London 18381908. International Legal Studies Library, Harvard Law School. Harvard University.Google Scholar
Andree, Christian, Über Griechenland und Troja, alte und jüngere Gelehrte, Ehefrauen und Kinder: Briefe von Rudolf Virchow und Henrich Schliemann aus den Jahren 1877–1885 (Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 1991).Google Scholar
Archaeological Journal, Proceedings at meetings: July 5, 1861, Vol. XVIII, 1861: 363.Google Scholar
Archaeological Journal, Proceedings at meetings: May 31, 1865, Vol. XXII, 1865: 171–3.Google Scholar
Bacon, Francis H., “The Assos Journals of Francis H. Bacon,” (Excerpts), Archaeology Vol. 27, Nr. 2 (1974). Other parts unpublished.Google Scholar
Baumeister, , August, “Reise in Kleinasien,” Archäologischer Anzeiger No. 71 (October–December, 1854): 509–12.Google Scholar
Boorstin, Daniel J.The Discoverers (New York: Vintage Books, 1985).Google Scholar
IIICalder, William M.Traill, David A., Myth, Scandal and History (Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “On a Bronze Weight found on the Site of the Hellespontic Abydos,” AJ XVII (1860): 198200.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “Contributions to the Ancient Geography of the Troad: “On the Site and Remains of Colonoe,” AJ XVII (1860): 286–91.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “Contributions to the Ancient Geography of the Troad: On the Site and Remains of Ophrynium,” AJ XVII (1860): 291–6.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “Contributions to the Ancient Geography of the Troad: On the Site and Remains of Larisa,” AJ XVIII (1861): 353–5.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “Contributions towards the Ancient Geography of the Troad: On the Site of Gergithe,” AJ XXI (1864): 4753.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “Contributions to the Ancient Geography of the Troad: On the Site and Remains of Cebrene,” AJ XXII (1865): 51–7.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, “Excavations in the Troad,” Levant Herald, February 5, 1873.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank & Neumayr, M. Melchior, “Die jungen Ablagerungen am Hellespont,” Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 40. Band, Vienna (1880): 358–78.Google Scholar
Calvert, Frank, Virchow, Rudolf, “Ueber die asiatische Küste des Hellespont,” ZfE XII (1880): 3146.Google Scholar
Cook, J. M., The Troad. An Archaeological and Topographical Study (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1973).Google Scholar
Curtius, Ernst “Ein Ausflug nach Kleinasien und Griechenland,” Preussische Jahrbücher 29. Band (Berlin, 1872): 5271.Google Scholar
Easton, Donald F., “Troy before Schliemann,” Studia Troica, Band 1 (Mainz am Rhein: Verlag Philipp von Zabern, 1991): 111–29.Google Scholar
DrGelzer, H. “Eine Wanderung nach Troja” (1873), Öffentliche Vorträge Gehalten in der Schweiz, 11. Band (Basel: Schweizhauserische Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1874): 332.Google Scholar
Lanjouw, J. and Stafleu, F. A., Index Herbariorum Part II (Utrecht: International Association for Plant Taxonomy, 1954).Google Scholar
Leaf, Walter, Strabo in the Troad (Cambridge: Cambridge University Pres, 1923).Google Scholar
Meyer, Ernst, Briefe von Heinrich Schliemann (Berlin/-Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1936).Google Scholar
Murray, John, publ. Handbook for Travellers (London: John Murray). Various editions and titles.Google Scholar
Newton, C. T. M. A., Travels and Discoveries in the Levant (London, 1865): 121–36.Google Scholar
SeniorNassau, William, A Journal Kept in Turkey and Greece (London, 1859): 134–86.Google Scholar
Sperling, Jerome, “Reminiscences of Troy,” Troy and the Trojan War, A Symposium held at Bryn Mawr College in October 1984. (Bryn Mawr: Bryn Mawr College, 1986.)Google Scholar
DrStark, K. B.Nach dem Griechischen Orient (Heidelberg, 1874): 138–75, 370–9.Google Scholar
DrStark, K. B., “Neueste Litteratur zur trojanischen Frage,” Jenaer Literaturzeitung Nr. 44 (November 3, 1877): 665–78.Google Scholar
Tchihatcheff, Peter de, Asie Mineure, Description Physique, Statistique, et Archéologique (Paris, 1853).Google Scholar
Traill, David A.Further Evidence of Fraudulent Reporting in Schliemann's Archaeological Works,” Boreas 7 (1984): 295316.Google Scholar
Traill, David A.Schliemann's ‘Dream of Troy’: The Making of a Legend,” Classical Journal Vol. 8, Nr. 1 (1985): 1324.Google Scholar
Traill, David A. “Heinrich Schliemann,” Classical Scholarship (New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1990): 424–46.Google Scholar