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Obsidian as an indicator of inter-regional contacts and exchange: three case-studies from the Halaf period

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Elizabeth Healey
Elizabeth Healey
Affiliation:
University of Manchester
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Abstract

Obsidian was used to make tools and luxury items which were widely distributed in the ancient Near East. At most sites it is an imported material and, as such, has been used as an indicator of exchange, although little specific detail of the nature of that exchange is available. Even though methods of provenance analysis for obsidian are well established, often only a few samples per site have been analysed. This means there is not enough information to indicate the relative importance of the obsidian from each source, or to establish whether source preference changed through time or whether obsidians from different sources were treated differently. The restriction in numbers analysed is, at least in part, due to the expense and the destructive nature of provenance analysis and problems associated with obtaining sufficient samples. In an attempt to address these problems case-studies examining the obsidian assemblages from three sites of Halaf date will be used to demonstrate the potential of a method of grouping obsidians based on their physical characteristics, including colour; these groupings are confirmed by geochemical analysis. This allows the entire assemblage to be grouped quickly and cost effectively and, if used alongside techno-typological and spatial studies, enables us to begin to confront some of the issues outlined above.

Özet

Obsidyen, örnekleri Yakın Doğu'da geniş bir bölgeye yayılmış olan aletlerin ve lüks tüketim ürünlerinin yapımında kullanılan bir malzemedir. Bölgedeki takas sisteminin yapısına dair bilgilerimiz az olmakla birlikte, obsidyen binçok yerleşimde ithal bir malzeme olması nedeniyle takasın varlığına işaret eder. Gelişmiş obsidyen kaynağı analiz yöntemlerine rağmen, her yerleşimden çoğu kez sadece az sayıda örneğin analizi yapılabilmiştir. Bu nedenle elimizdeki bilgiler, diğerlerine kıyasla tercih edilen obsidyen kaynaklarını saptamak, zaman içinde tercihlerin değişip değişmediğini ya da farklı kaynaklardan gelen obsidyenlerin farklı biçimde işlenip işlenmediğini anlamak için yeterli değildir. Analizi yapılan örnek sayısının sınırlı olmasının, en azından kısmen nedeni kaynak analizinin pahalı bir işlem olması ve analiz sonunda örneğin işlemin doşası gereği yok olmasıdır. Ayrıca yeterli miktarda örneğin bulunmasıyla ilgili problemler de bu durumun bir nedenidir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu sorunla ilgili olarak, obsidyenlerin renk de dahil olmak üzere fiziksel özellikleri temel alınarak gruplandırılması yönteminin uygulanabilirliği Halaf dönemine tarihlenen üç yerleşimde ele geçen obsidyen buluntular incelenerek gösterilecektir. Bu gruplamalar jeo-kimyasal analizle de doğrulanmaktadır. Bu yöntem hem tüm buluntuların hızla ve uygun bir masrafla gruplandırılmasına olanak tanır, hem de tipolojik teknikler ve mekansal araştırmalarla bir arada değerlendirildiğinde yukarıda anahatları ile tanımlanan sorunların bazı noktalarına yanıt bulmamıza olanak sağlar.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 57 , December 2007 , pp. 171 - 189
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2007

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