Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-vdxz6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-25T04:29:52.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Hittite Objects in the Bronze Age Aegean*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Eric H. Cline
Eric H. Cline
Affiliation:
University of Pennyslvania
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Some twenty-three objects in the Bronze Age Aegean have been identified as “Hittite” in previous literature. Scholars investigating the nature of the relations between Hittites and Mycenaeans continue to cite one or more of these objects, although many have since been shown to be of non-Hittite origins. In this paper I propose to reexamine the “authenticity” of the Hittite objects reported within the Bronze Age Aegean. The twenty-three objects in question can readily be grouped as to (A) those which might be and (B) those which are not Central Anatolian Hittite in origin.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 41 , December 1991 , pp. 133 - 143
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1991

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Alp, S., Zylinder- und Stempelsiegel aus Karahöyük bei Konya. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basimevi, 1968.Google Scholar
Anatolian Civilisations, The. I: Prehistoric/Hittite/Early Iron Age. Istanbul: Turkish Ministry of Culture and Tourism, 1983.Google Scholar
Beckman, G. M., “A Hittite Cylinder Seal in the Yale Babylonian Collection”, AnatSt 31: 129–35, 1981.Google Scholar
Bittel, K., Die Hethiter. Munich: C. H. Beck, 1976.Google Scholar
Boardman, J., “Hittite and Related Hieroglyphic Seals from Greece”, Kadmos 5: 47–8, 1966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boehmer, R. M., Die Kleinfunde von Boğazköy. WVDOG 87. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag, 1972.Google Scholar
Buchanan, B., “Five Hittite Hieroglyphic Seals”, JCS 21: 18–23, 1967.Google Scholar
Buchholz, H.-G., “XII. The Cylinder Seal”, in Bass, G. F., ed., Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck: 148–59. Philadelphia: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, v. 57, pt. 8, 1967.Google Scholar
Canby, J. V., “Some Hittite Figurines in the Aegean”, Hesperia 38: 141–9, 1969.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collon, D., First Impressions: Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.Google Scholar
Courtois, J.-C, “Le trésor de poids de Kalavassos-Ayios Dhimitrios 1982”, RDAC 1983: 117–30, 1983.Google Scholar
Demisch, H., Die Sphinx. Stuttgart: Urachhaus Johannes M. Mayer GmbH & Co., 1977.Google Scholar
Dessenne, A., Le Sphinx. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1957.Google Scholar
Dickinson, O. T. P. K., The Origins of Mycenaean Civilisation. Göteborg: Paul Åströms Förlag, 1977.Google Scholar
Erlenmeyer, H., “Über ein Schriftsiegel aus einem Kammergrab in Mykene”, Kadmos 5:49–57, 1966.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, A. J., “Mycenaean Tree and Pillar Cult and its Mediterranean Relations”, JHS 21: 99–204, 1901.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Evans, A. J., The Shaft Graves and Bee-Hive Tombs of Mycenae and Their Interrelations. London: MacMillan and Co., Ltd., 1929.Google Scholar
Evans, A. J., Palace of Minos III. London: MacMillan & Co., Ltd., 1930.Google Scholar
Forsdyke, E. J., “The Mavro Spelio Cemetery at Knossos”, BSA 28: 243–96, 1926–1927.Google Scholar
Furtwängler, A., and Loeschcke, G., Mykenische Vasen. Berlin: A. Asher & Co., 1886.Google Scholar
Gallet de Santerre, H., Délos Primitive et Archaïque. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1958.Google Scholar
Gallet de Santerre, H., “Les statuettes de bronze mycéniennes au type dit du “dieu Reshef” dans leur contexte égéen”, BCH 111: 7–29, 1987.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallet de Santerre, H., and Treheux, J., “Rapport sur le Depot Égéen et Géometrique de L'Artemision a Délos”, BCH 71–2: 148–254, 1947–1948.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Güterbock, H. G., “Seals and Sealing in Hittite Lands”, in Devries, K., ed., From Athens to Gordion: 51–63. Philadelphia: The University Museum, 1980.Google Scholar
Güterbock, H. G., “The Hieroglyphic Inscriptions on the Hittite Cylinder, No. 25”, AfO 28: 71–2, 1981.Google Scholar
Güterbock, H. G., “Hittites and Akhaeans: A New Look”, PAPS 128: 114–22, 1984.Google Scholar
Hazzidakis, J., Les Villas Minoennes de Tylissos. Études Crétoises III. Trans, by Chapouthier, F. & Joly, R.. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1934.Google Scholar
Hogarth, D., Hittite Seals, with Particular Reference to the Ashmolean Collection. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1920.Google Scholar
Iakovidis, Sp. E., “An Inscribed Mycenaean Amulet”, Kadmos 3: 149–55, 1964.Google Scholar
Iakovidis, Sp. E., Excavations of the Necropolis at Perati. Occasional Paper 8. Los Angeles: Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1980.Google Scholar
Jacopi, G., “Nuovi Scavi nella Necropoli Micenea di Jalisso”, Annuario 13–14: 253–345, 1930–1931.Google Scholar
Karo, G., “Schatz von Tiryns”, AM 55: 119–40, 1930.Google Scholar
Karo, G., Greifen am Thron. Baden-Baden: Bruno Grimm, 1959.Google Scholar
Kenna, V. E.G., “The Historical Implications of Cretan Seals”, AA 79: 911–54, 1964.Google Scholar
Kenna, V. E. G., “Ancient Crete and the Use of the Cylinder Seal”, AJA 72: 321–36, 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Koehl, R. B., “The Rhyta from Akrotiri and Some Preliminary Observations on Their Functions in Selected Contexts”, in Thera and the Aegean World, III. 1, 350–62. The Thera Foundation, 1990.Google Scholar
Košak, S., “The Gospel of Iron”, in Hoffner, H. A. Jr., and Beckman, G. M., eds., Kaniššuwar: A Tribute to H. G. Güterbock on his 75th Birthday: 125–35. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Levi, D., “Le cretule di Haghia Triada e di Zakro”, Annuario 8–9: 71–201, 1925–1926.Google Scholar
Levi, D., “L'archivio di cretule a Festos”, Annuario 19–20: 7–192, 1957–1958.Google Scholar
Maiuri, A., “Jalisos—Scavi della Missione Archeologica Italiana a Rodi”, Annuario 6–7: 83–341, 1923–1940.Google Scholar
Matz, F., Die Frühkretischen Siegel. Berlin & Leipzig: Walter de Gruyter & Co., 1928.Google Scholar
Mee, C., Rhodes in the Bronze Age. Warminster: Aris & Phillips Ltd., 1982.Google Scholar
Megaw, A. H. S., “Archaeology in Greece, 1962–63”, Archaeological Reports for 1962–63: 3–33, 1963.Google Scholar
Mellink, M. J., “Archaeology in Asia Minor”, AJA 79: 201–22, 1975.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meriggi, P., “Das Erste Hieroglyphisch-Hethitische Siegel aus Griechenland”, Kadmos 4: 5–6, 1965.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Møller, E., “A Revaluation of the Oriental Cylinder Seal Found in Crete”, in Best, J. G. P. and de Vries, N. M. W., eds, Interaction and Acculturation in the Mediterranean, v. 1: 85–104. Amsterdam: B. R. Grüner, 1980.Google Scholar
Moorey, P. R. S., and Fleming, S., “Problems in the Study of the Anthropomorphic Metal Statuary from Syro-Palestine Before 330 B.C.”, Levant 16: 67–90, 1984.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muhly, J. D., “Bronze Figurines and Near Eastern Metalwork”, IEJ 30: 148–61, 1980.Google Scholar
Muhly, J. D., Maddin, R., Stech, T., and Özgun, E., “Iron in Anatolia and the Nature of the Hittite Iron Industry”, AnatSt 35: 67–84, 1985.Google Scholar
Negbi, O., Canaanite Gods in Metal. Tel Aviv: Tel Aviv University Institute of Archaeology, 1976.Google Scholar
Nilsson, M. P., The Minoan-Mycenae an Religion. 2nd Edition. Lund: C. W. K. Gleerup, 1950.Google Scholar
Paribeni, R., “Ricerche nel Sepolcreto di Haghia Triada Presso Phaestos”, Monumenti Antichi 14: 677–756, 1904.Google Scholar
Pini, I., Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel: Band II:5. Iraklion Archäologisches Museum. Die Siegelabdrücke von Phästos. Berlin: Begr. Mann Verlag, 1970.Google Scholar
Pini, I., “Kypro-Ägäische Rollsiegel”. Jdl 95: 77–108, 1980.Google Scholar
Pini, I., Mitanni-Rollsiegel des ‘Common Style’ aus Griechenland”, PZ 58: 114–26, 1983.Google Scholar
Platon, N., and Pini, I., Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel: Band II:3. Iraklion Archäologisches Museum. Die Siegel der NeuPalastzeit. Berlin: Begr. Mann Verlag, 1984.Google Scholar
Platon, N., Pini, I., and Salies, G., Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel: Band II:2. Iraklion Archäologisches Museum. Die Siegel der AltPalastzeit. Berlin: Begr. Mann Verlag, 1977.Google Scholar
Porada, E., “Introduction”, in Porada, E., ed., Ancient Art in Seals: 3–30. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Porada, E., “The Cylinder Seals Found at Thebes in Boeotia”, AfO 28: 1–70, 77, 1981.Google Scholar
Porada, E., “The Cylinder Seal from Chamber Tomb 47 at Mycenae”, in Sakellariou, A., Les tombes à chambre de Mycènes: 334–6. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 1985.Google Scholar
Pulak, C., “The Bronze Age Shipwreck at Ulu Burun, Turkey: 1985 Campaign”. AJA 92: 1–37, 1988.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhyne, N. A., The Aegean Animal Style: A Study of the Lion, Griffith, and Sphinx. Ph.D. Dissertation, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Ann Arbor: University Microfilms, 1970.Google Scholar
Sakellarakis, J. A., Corpus der minoischen und mykenischen Siegel: Band I. Supplementum. Athen nationalmuseum. Berlin: Begr. Mann Verlag, 1982.Google Scholar
Sakellariou, A., Les tombes a chambre de Mycenes. Paris: Diffusion de Boccard, 1985.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A., Ugaritica III. Paris: Librarire Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1956.Google Scholar
Schaeffer, C. F.-A., Corpus I des Cylindres-Sceaux de Ras Shamra-Ugarit et D'Enkomi-Alasia. Paris: Éditions Recherche sur les Civilisations, 1983.Google Scholar
Schliemann, H., Mycenae. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1878.Google Scholar
Schliemann, H., Tiryns. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus, 1886.Google Scholar
Smith, J., Discussion comment after Gardiner, B. Magness, in Palaima, T. G., ed., Aegean Seals, Settlings and Administration: 78–9. Aegaeum 5. Liège, 1990.Google Scholar
South, A. K., and Todd, I. A., “In Quest of Cypriote Copper Traders: Excavations at Ayios Dhimitrios”, Archaeology 38/5: 40–7, 1985.Google Scholar
Stos-Gale, Z. A., “A Puzzle of the Bronze Age Silver-Lead on Cyprus”, Proceedings of the Fifth Cypriote Congress: 67–72. Nicosia, 1985.Google Scholar
Tsountas, Ch., “Anaskaphai Taphon en Mykenais”, Ephemeris Archaiologike (1888): 119–80, 1888.Google Scholar
Uzunoğlu, E., “Three Hittite Cylinder Seals in the Istanbul Archaeological Museum”, in Canby, J. V. et al. , eds., Ancient Anatolia: Aspects of Change and Cultural Development: 77–83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1986.Google Scholar
Varoufakis, G., “The Origin of Mycenaean and Geometric Iron on the Greek Mainland and in the Aegean Islands”, in Muhly, J. D., Maddin, R., and Karageorghis, V., eds., Early Metallurgy in Cyprus 4000–500 B.C.: 315–22. Nicosia, 1982.Google Scholar
Vermeule, E. T., Greece in the Bronze Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1972.Google Scholar
Vermeule, E. T., The Art of the Shaft Graves. Norman, Oklahoma: The University of Oklahoma Press, 1975.Google Scholar
von der Osten, H. H., The Alishar Hüyük, Seasons of 1930–32, pt. II. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937.Google Scholar
Wace, A. J. B., Chamber Tombs at Mycenae. Archaeologia 82. Oxford: The Society of Antiquaries, 1932.Google Scholar
Waldbaum, J. C., From Bronze To Iron: The Transition from the Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. SIMA 54. Göteborg: Paul Åströms Förlag, 1978.Google Scholar
Walters, H. B., Catalogue of the Engraved Gems and Cameos Greek, Etruscan and Roman in the British Museum. London: Bernard Quaritch, 1926.Google Scholar
Warren, P., Minoan Stone Vases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969.Google Scholar
Waterhouse, H., “Prehistoric Laconia: A Note”, BSA 51: 168–71, 1956.Google Scholar
Waterhouse, H., and Hope Simpson, R., “Prehistoric Laconia: Part II”, BSA 56: 114–75, 1961.Google Scholar
SirWoolley, L., Alalakh; An Account of the Excavations at Tel Atchana in the Hatav, 1937–1949. Oxford: The Society of Antiquaries, 1955.Google Scholar
Xanthoudides, S., The Vaulted Tombs of the Mesara. London: University Press of Liverpool Ltd., 1924.Google Scholar
Yakar, J., “Hittite Involvement in Western Anatolia”, AnatSt 26: 117–28, 1976.Google Scholar