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Unpublished Inscriptions from Pisidian Antioch

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Barbara Levick
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Extract

It is many years since scholars began systematically to copy and publish the inscriptions of Colonia Caesarea (Pisidian Antioch), but the site of the colony and the houses and streets of the neighbouring town of Yalvaç still have much to yield. The following inscriptions, hitherto unpublished, were collected in 1955. They are arranged here according to language. The Latin inscriptions come first: a group of architectural fragments and dedications to Roman emperors, ranging widely in date but belonging for the most part to the early fourth century, is followed by some dedications to private individuals, probably persons of good standing in the colony. The Greek inscriptions may be divided into three classes: epitaphs, dedications to the gods, and some late, Christian, fragments; official tituli are wanting.

I. In the garden of the Ortokul at Yalvaç, on a broken entablature now measuring 66 cm. in length by 42 cm. in height by 36 cm. in depth (lower surface). The letters range from 7·5 to 5·5 cm. in height. The inscription is complete above, where there is a moulding, and below (on the right at least).

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 17 , December 1967 , pp. 101 - 121
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1967

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References

1 See especially Sterrett, J. S., Epigr. Journ. 92 ff.Google Scholar; Wolfe Exped. 346 ff.; Calder, W. M., JRS. II (1912), 79 ff.Google Scholar; Hardie, M. M., JHS. XXXII (1912), III ff.Google Scholar; Anderson, J. G. C., JRS. III (1913), 267 ff.Google Scholar; Ramsay, W. M., JRS. VI (1916), 83 ff.Google Scholar; VIII (1918), 107 ff.; XIV (1924), 172 ff.; Robinson, D. M., JRS. XV (1925), 253 ff.Google Scholar; Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 195 ffGoogle Scholar.

2 For others, see AS. VIII (1958), 219 ff.Google Scholar; XV (1965), 53 ff.; JRS. XLVIII (1958), 74 ff.Google Scholar; LIV (1964), 98 ff. The journey was made as T. W. Greene Scholar of the University of Oxford, and with the aid of a generous grant from the Oxford University Craven Committee. Professor G. E. Bean, Mrs. Anna Davies, Mr. A. S. Hall, Miss L. H. Jeffery, and Mr. John Matthews kindly read this paper in whole or in part at different stages, and I am very grateful for all their help.

3 Probably the monuments in the school garden were taken there after discovery during the excavations of 1924: see AS. XV (1965), 53, n. 1Google Scholar.

4 See de Ruggiero, E., Diz. Epigr. III (1922), 44 Google Scholar.

5 Note the inscription published by Dessau, H., JRS. III (1913), 301 ffGoogle Scholar.

6 See Magie, D., Roman Rule in Asia Minor (Princeton, 1950), II, 1596 ff.CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and Sherk, R. K., The Legates of Galatia from Augustus to Diocletian (The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science, Ser. LXIX, no. 2, Baltimore, 1951)Google Scholar.

7 cf. ILS. 121.

8 cf. ILS. 2280.

9 cf. ILS. 4484.

10 cf. ILS. 4387.

11 Dessau's index in ILS. has seven examples of maximus (in pontifex maximus) written out in full for Tiberius, two for Caracalla; it has nine examples of the word abbreviated for Tiberius, fifteen for Caracalla.

12 cf. ILS. 225, 227 f., etc.

13 Plate XIa. Calder, W. M. published this stone in JRS. II (1912), 104 Google Scholar, no. 42, with [per] C. Aliu[m] in the last line, but according to Ramsay, , JRS. VI (1916), 134 Google Scholar, his revised version read P for I. In Anatolian Studies Presented to W. H. Buckler (Manchester, 1939), 210 Google Scholar, Ramsay had [L.] Calpu[rnius Piso Frugi], legate of Galatia “c. A.D. 13–15”. The present photograph does not show the disputed letter clearly, for the stone is worn and damaged; but the space between this letter and the V that follows it demonstrates that, unless we have a word ending in -CALI, which is unlikely, it must have been a P. See PIR. 2 C 240, superseding A 541.

14 Buckler, loc. cit.

15 CIG. 3990 (= IGR. III, 249)Google Scholar, discussed by Ramsay, in JHS. XXXVIII (1918), 172 ff.Google Scholar; but the career is slow-moving and the provincial posts were all held in the east; for the date, see Syme, R., Klio XXVII (1934), 129 Google Scholar. Groag, E., Wiener Stud. LIV (1936), 195 ff.Google Scholar, and PIR. 2 C 288, plausibly suggested that the honorand was Ti. Iulius Frugi, governor of Lycia-Pamphylia in 114.

16 CIL. III, 6821 Google Scholar (= ILS. 2708), 6831. Calpurnius Chresimus and Calpurnius Frugi Frontinianus ( Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 228, no. 58)Google Scholar are probably dependants of the duovir or his family.

17 Magie, loc. cit.; Sherk, op. cit. 38, n. 122 (but this fragment does not refer to the consulship of the governor); de Laet, S. J., De Samenstelling van den romeinschen Senaat (Antwerpen, etc., 1941), 243 Google Scholar.

18 See, e.g., ILS. 9502, illustrated in JRS. III (1913), 255 Google Scholar, fig. 42.

19 See Syme, R., Klio XXVII (1934), 127 ff.Google Scholar, and Roman Revolution 391, n. 3. Dio LIV, 34, vi f., gives his account of the war, which lasted three years, under 11 B.C. Syme's dating of the war (13–11 or 12–10) also makes it difficult to attribute the fragment to Piso: Augustus did not become Pontifex Maximus until 6th March, 12 B.C. Ritterling, E., RE. XII i (1925), 1230 Google Scholar, preferred 11–9 B.C. for the war, but Dio's method, as Syme points out, is to recapitulate the events of a war rather than to anticipate them..

20 PIR. 2 C 240. Ramsay, Buckler, loc. cit., speaks of this as “an impossible restoration”.

21 Tacitus, , Hist. II, 9 Google Scholar.

22 Inscriptions of Roman Tripolitania (London, 1952), 346 Google Scholar: L. Nonius L. f. Pom. Asprenas; cf. Groag, , RE. XVII i (1937), 875 Google Scholar, no. 29.

23 Tacitus, loc. cit.: Calpurnius Asprenas; Dio LXIII, Ep. Zonaras (ed. Boissevain, III, 108): Καλπούρνιος.

24 JRS. XIV (1924), 181 Google Scholar, no. 6.

25 Ramsay, W. M. and von Premerstein, A., Klio Beiheft XIX (1927)Google Scholar.

26 For the Triple City Gate at Antioch, see Robinson, D. M., The Art Bulletin IX i (1926), 45 ff.Google Scholar, and for the building activities of the cities in general, Magie. op. cit., I, 676.

27 In JRS. XVI (1926), 108 Google Scholar, Ramsay published a sketch map of Yalvaç, showing the position of the mahalleler.

28 See Cohen, H., Description historique des monnaies frappées sous l'empire romain (ed. 2, Paris, 1880–1892), VII, 142 ff.Google Scholar, nos. 1 ff. I am much indebted to Mr. John Matthews for this reference.

29 cf. Ramsay, W. M., Social Basis of Roman Power in Asia Minor (Aberdeen, 1941), 167 Google Scholar, n. 4: “A great arch was erected to Concordia Aug(ustorum), probably Constantine and Licinnius, by Valerius Diogenes, praeses prov. Pisidiae for many years, faithful to various emperors. C. 300–325.”

30 See the plan in The Art Bulletin IX i (1926)Google Scholar, fig. 2.

31 Epigr. Journ. 96; 148 f.Google Scholar; CIL. III, 6805 ff.Google Scholar; JRS. II (1912), 86 ff.Google Scholar, nos. 5 ff.; XIV (1924), 197, no. 25.

32 JRS. XIV (1924), 197, no. 25Google Scholar.

33 e.g. ILS. 8932, from Apameia in Phrygia, a dedication to Galerius' wife, the daughter of Diocletian; CIL. III, 6806 Google Scholar, from Pisidian Antioch, honours Constantine.

34 Emending my ]MO.

35 Emending my ]SS.

36 Omnipotens Princeps is hard to parallel. Constantine was domitor omnium factionum ( CIL. VIII, 7006)Google Scholar; Licinianus was devictor omnium gentium barbararum (II, 4105 Google Scholar, cf. Constantine, ibid., 482). Theodosius II was triumfator gentium barbararum ( Année épigraphique, 1947, 185 Google Scholar). Aeternus is fairly common at this period; see Cumont, F., Rev. Hist. Lit. Rel. I (1896), 435 ff.Google Scholar, and Charlesworth, M. P., Harvard Theol. Rev. XXIX (1936), 122 ffGoogle Scholar.

37 Above, nos. 4 and 8.

38 CIL. III, 6854 Google Scholar.

39 Anderson, J. G. C., JRS. III (1913), 299 fGoogle Scholar.

40 For an example from A.D. 467–475, see AS. XV (1965), 59 ffGoogle Scholar.

41 cf. the laconic tituli CIL. III, 6826, 6828 Google Scholar. Magius was the name of a family of negotiatores ( Wilson, A., Emigration from Italy in the Republican Age of Rome (Manchester, 1966), 153)Google Scholar; we cannot be certain how it entered the colony (see JRS. LIV (1964), 103 Google Scholar, and Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor Chapter VI).

42 Besides M. Tiberius, referred to in the previous note, there is Pescennius, St., praefectus Drusi (ILS. 7201)Google Scholar, and the veterans T. Campusius and the Cissonii, (ILS. 2237 f.)Google Scholar.

43 JRS. III (1913), 293, no. 21Google Scholar.

44 Zur Geschichte Lateinischer Eigennamen (Berlin, 1933), 184 Google Scholar; Tuscus, Magius: CIL. XI, 4293 Google Scholar.

45 JRS. XIV (1924), 197, no. 28Google Scholar.

46 Note the omitted nomen, a phenomenon discussed by Syme, R., Historia VII (1958), 172 ffGoogle Scholar. Silani, L.: PIR. I, 547 f., 559 fGoogle Scholar.

47 cf. AS. VIII (1958), 219 ff.Google Scholar; JRS. LIV (1964), 98 ffGoogle Scholar.

48 cf. Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 225, no. 51Google Scholar.

49 Cn. Dottius Plancianus was IIvir quinq. II (CIL. III, 6835 f.Google Scholar, 6837 (= ILS. 5081)); a Paullinus was IIvir II and IIvir quinq. IIII (JRS. II (1912), 102, no. 34)Google Scholar; Iunius, D. was IIvir II, IIvir quinq. (AS. VIII (1958), 219)Google Scholar.

50 For other augurs, see JRS. II (1912), 99, no. 31Google Scholar; III (1913), 287 ff., nos. 12 ff.; Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 225, no. 51Google Scholar. For the colonial augurate at Colonia Genetiva Iulia, see ILS. 6087, sections LXVI ff.

51 Epigr. Journ. 147. Note Munatius Pollionis Auxanon, evidently another libertus of Pollio, on an unpublished inscription in the Classical Museum, Konya.

52 Wolfe Exbed. 353.

53 ibid., 360. For the Flavonii, see JRS. XLVIII (1958), 74 ffGoogle Scholar.

54 Legio Gal., V.: ILS. 2237 fGoogle Scholar. For Plancus' legions, see Schmitthenner, W. C. G., The Roman Armies of the Triumviral Period (D.Phil. Thesis, Oxford, 1958), I, 11 and 38 Google Scholar. However, two other possibilities should not be neglected: (i) descent from a peregrinus recruited in Anatolia (cf. Cuntz, O., Jahrb. österr. arch. Inst. XXV (1929), 71 f.)Google Scholar; (ii) connexion with a family of negotiators ( Hatzfeld, J., Les Trafiquants italiens dans l'Orient hellénique (Paris, 1919), 397)Google Scholar. See above, no. 10, on A. Magius.

55 For a list, see AS. XV (1965), 53 Google Scholar.

56 For other flamines of Antioch, see CIL. III, 6835 f.Google Scholar, 6337 ( = ILS. 5081); JRS. VI (1916), 106, no. 6, fig. 10Google Scholar; XIV (1924), 197, no. 27; Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 221, no. 44Google Scholar.

57 For the order, see Birley, E., Roman Britain and the Roman Army (ed. 2, Kendal, 1961), 139 Google Scholar. For other praefecti fabrum from the colonia, see CIL. III, 6821 Google Scholar ( = ILS. 2708) and 6831; Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 225, no. 51 (colonial posts preceding)Google Scholar; ILS. 7202 and 9502 f. (colonial posts following); JRS. II (1912), 234 Google Scholar, no. 2 (colonial posts preceding but lost from the stone?). For the colonial cursus, see Levick, B., Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor (Oxford, 1967)Google Scholar, Chapter VII.

58 JRS. II (1912), 103 Google Scholar, no. 36 (C. Valerius, Valeria, and probably other Valerii); JHS. XXXII (1912), 132 Google Scholar, no. 27 (L. Valerius Niger); 137, no. 50 (C. Valerius and his sons); 141, no. 60 (Gallicus and Valerius; these inscriptions are all dedications to Mên); JRS. III (1913), 282 Google Scholar, no. 9 (Valerius, victorious in the wrestling in the agones on Kara Kuyu); Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 221 Google Scholar, no. 44 (Maximus Evius Domitius Valerianus Gaius, aedile and flamen); 229, no. 60 (D. Valerius, dedication to Meter Potamene?).

59 The Flavonii, JRS. VI (1916), 130 f.Google Scholar, and XLVIII (1958), 74 ff.; the Anicii, JRS. VI (1916), 94 ff.Google Scholar, nos. 2 ff.; the much less distinguished Albucii, CIL. III, 6829 Google Scholar, and Ramsay, W. M., Social Basis of Roman Power in Asia Minor (Aberdeen, 1941), 141 ffGoogle Scholar.

60 CIL. III, 6839 Google Scholar ( = ILS. 7200), 6840.

61 Chilver, G. E. F., Cisalpine Gaul (Oxford, 1941), 75 Google Scholar; for Narbonensis, see Syme, R., JRS. XXVII (1937), 131 Google Scholar.

62 The “devout and honourable women” of Acts XIII, 50 Google Scholar, were members of the colonial aristocracy. Intermarriage with native women will have been a factor in this interest in Mên.

63 See Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor, Chapter VIII.

64 JRS. XIV (1924), 197, no. 27Google Scholar.

65 CIL. III, 6838 fGoogle Scholar. ( = ILS. 7200a, 7200), 6840.

66 For this formula at Antioch, see e.g. Ramsay, M. in JHS. XXXII (1912), 132 Google Scholar, no. 27, 141, no. 59, and Ramsay, W. M., Social Basis of Roman Power in Asia Minor 143, no. 149 fGoogle Scholar.

67 JRS. II (1912), 103 Google Scholar, no. 38, completed, JRS. VI (1916), 133 Google Scholar: C. Carrinati C. f. Ser. Dec. ex testamento etc. (The two inscriptions are distinct: I saw both in 1955.)

68 cf. C. Lollius, on a Greek inscription from the west peribolos wall of the hieron of Mên, JHS. XXXII (1912), 132 Google Scholar, no. 30, and L. Lollius, on an unpublished Greek dedication to Mên in the Classical Museum, Konya.

69 D. Pollenius D. f. Ser. Proc(u)lus set up a bilingual inscription at Antioch ( CIL. III, 6858)Google Scholar.

70 For the Caristanii and Flavonii, see JRS. XLVIII (1958), 74 ff.Google Scholar, and, for other examples, Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor Chapter VI. Schulze, Zur Geschichte Lateinischer Eigennamen 84, cites Lartii from Clusium, CIL. XI, 2369 Google Scholar, Faventia, 633, Forum Cornelii, 679, Mevania, 5041, Asisium, 5484 f., Pisaurum, 6364, Tuder, VI, 2379, Ariminum, VI, 2377. The name is commonest at Clusium, but Perusia is a good second: XI, 1969, 2036, 2065, 7101, 7105.

71 Schulze, W., Zur Geschichte Lateinischer Eigennamen 121, n. 1Google Scholar; Kajanto, I., The Latin Cognomina (Helsinki, 1965), 140 Google Scholar, counts five Ammiani and one Ammiana in CIL.

72 AS. VIII (1958), 219 Google Scholar.

73 CIL. III, 6845 Google Scholar; Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 236 Google Scholar, no. 73.

74 CIL. III, 6831 Google Scholar.

75 We are less likely to be dealing with a Paul(l)ina, but note Nonia Paulina ( CIL. III, 6856)Google Scholar and the sacerdos Paullina (ibid., 6842).

76 IGR. III, 511 Google Scholar ( = TAM. II, 659)Google Scholar.

77 Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 230 Google Scholar, no. 62, cf. JRS. XLVIII (1958), 74 ffGoogle Scholar.

78 Epigr. Journ. 127 ( = ILS. 7777). The stone measures 53·5 by 95 by 33 cm.; it, too, may be from a herōon.

79 JRS. II (1912), 102 Google Scholar, no. 34, cf. VI (1916), 133. He has been identified with C. Caristanius Paulinus ( Ritterling, E., RE. XII ii (1925), 1708)Google Scholar, and even with P. Flavonius Paulinus the senator ( Robinson, D. M., Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 231)Google Scholar.

80 cf. Juvenal, , Sat. III, 239 f.Google Scholar: “vehetur dives et ingenti curret super ora Liburna”; Martial, , Epigr. I, 49, 33Google Scholar: “horridus Liburnus”.

81 ILS. 7393.

82 C. Caesennius Proclus Staianus in JRS. III (1913), 289 ff.Google Scholar, nos. 17 and 19; two Caesennii make a dedication to Mên in JHS. XXXII (1912), 123, no. 2Google Scholar.

83 Caesia Procilla, grandmother of Anicia Caesiana ( JRS. VI (1916), 94, nos. 2 ff.Google Scholar).

84 JHS. XXXII (1912), 131, no. 21Google Scholar.

85 I am greatly indebted to Professor G. E. Bean, Miss L. H. Jeffery, and Mrs. Anna Davies for help with the interpretation of this inscription.

86 This is commonly mentioned: MAMA. VII, 14a, 166, 214, 399 Google Scholar; Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 232, no. 63Google Scholar.

87 Eutychianus: Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 233 Google Scholar, no. 65, and 234, no. 68. Eutyches: JRS. III (1913), 293, no. 21Google Scholar; Epigr. Journ. 147; for a Eutychus, see JRS. II (1912), 88, no. 7Google Scholar.

88 JRS. III (1913), 269 f.Google Scholar, nos. 3 and 5.

89 For this family and its dependants, see JRS. XLVIII (1958), 76 Google Scholar, and Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor, Chapter IX.

90 JHS. XXXII (1912), 136 Google Scholar, no. 42a. For Boubalos, see Robert, L., Noms indigènes dans l'Asie Mineure gréco-romaine I (Paris, 1963), 22 ffGoogle Scholar.

91 Epigr. Journ. 142 and JHS. XXXII (1912), 139, no. 51, respectivelyGoogle Scholar.

92 AS. VIII (1958), 219 ffGoogle Scholar. If she is an Antiochian, her father must be added to the list of senators produced by the colony. One native of the town was a friend of Iulia Agrippina, mother of Nero ( JRS. LIV (1964), 98 ff.Google Scholar).

93 JRS. III (1913), 282 Google Scholar, no. 8, and 290, no. 19a, respectively.

94 CIL. III, 6825 Google Scholar ( = ILS. 2238).

95 Wolfe Exped. 364.

96 See Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor, Chapter VI.

97 JRS. II (1912), 95 Google Scholar, no. 23.

98 See Roman Colonies in Southern Asia Minor, Chapter VIII.

99 Nota son: cf. Epigr. Journ. 147, and note the remarks of Robert, L., Études anatoliennes (Paris, 1937). 310 Google Scholar.

100 CIL. III, 6835 f.Google Scholar, 6837 ( = ILS. 5081).

101 ABSA. XVIII (1911–1912), 49 Google Scholar; unpublished inscriptions in the Classical Museum, Konya.

102 Cf. JRS. II (1912), 95 Google Scholar.

103 See Hardie, M. M., JHS. XXXII (1912), 112 f.Google Scholar, and Ramsay, W. M., JRS. VIII (1918), Plate IGoogle Scholar.

104 JRS. XIV (1924), 190 f.Google Scholar, nos. 11 and 11a (= ILS. 7200, 7200a).

105 JRS. II (1912), 94 Google Scholar.

106 JHS. LIII (1933), fig. 14Google Scholar.

107 Robert, C., Die Antiken Sarcophag-Reliefs II (Berlin, 1890), Plate XXVII, 68cGoogle Scholar.

108 ibid., Plate XLVII, 121.

109 op. cit., 206.

110 Moretti, G., Annuario III (1921), 25 ff.Google Scholar, and VI–VII (1926), 494 ff.

111 Acts XIII, 14 Google Scholar, and XIV, 24. For connexions of a different kind, see JRS. XLVIII (1958), 75 Google Scholar.

112 Trans. Amer. Phil. Assoc. LVII (1926), 232, no. 63Google Scholar.

113 Years spent in the diaconate and priesthood are sometimes mentioned in inscriptions: see Diet, d'arch. chrét. et de lit. IV, 743 ffGoogle Scholar.

114 MAMA. VII, 558, 564, 577 Google Scholar. See Robert, L., Hell. XIII (1965), 26 and 68 fGoogle Scholar.

115 cf. Πάβλον in MAMA. I, 258 Google Scholar.

116 cf. Delattre, A. L., Les lampes antiques du Musée de St. Louis de Carthage (Lille, 1889), 27 ffGoogle Scholar. For this idea in Asia Minor, see JHS. XXIV (1904), 37 Google Scholar, no. 59a (near Cyzicus), and de Jerphanion, G., Les églises rupestres de Cappadoce I (Paris, 1925), 398 Google Scholar.

117 cf. the inscription from Parlais, Pisidia, , Annuario II (1921), 48 Google Scholar, no. 37 ( = SEG. II, 746 Google Scholar). MAMA. I, xxv Google Scholar, from Luke XXIII, 42 Google Scholar (… ) is too long.