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Hittites, Ottomans and Turks: Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey and the Kemalist construction of Turkish nationhood in Anatolia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Can Erimtan
Can Erimtan
Affiliation:
c/oBritish Institute at Ankara
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Abstract

This article analyses the position of the Hittites in the theoretical development of Turkish nationalism in the 20th century. The piece provides an outline of the full content of the Hittite claim in a Turkish nationalist context, particularly its promulgation as part of the so-called ‘Turkish History Thesis’. Following this, I will give full weight to the historical circumstances surrounding the emergence of the Hittite trope in Turkish writing. Basing myself on the work of Mete Tunçay, I will give proper prominence to the publication of the propaganda tract Pontus Meselesi (1922). It is my contention that the Turkish intellectual of Azerî descent, Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey, was the sole author of the text Pontus Meselesi. The remainder of the article consists of a close reading of this geo-text. I will demonstrate that Ağaoğlu's discovery of the Hittites as worthy forebears for the Anatolian Muslims, whom he refers to as ‘Turks’ in his text, was the outcome of an ideologically motivated reading of 19th century European accounts of ancient Near Eastern history. The article shows that the propagation of the Kemalist concept of Turkish nationalism in Anatolia dates back to 1922, a year prior to the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.

Özet

Bu makalede, 20. yüzyıl Türk milliyetçiliğinin teorik gelişiminde Hititlerin yeri incelenmektedir. Burada özellikle Türk milliyetçiliğinin arka planında görülen ve ‘Türk Tarihi Tezi’ nin bir parçası olarak resmiyet kazanmış olan Hitit teması anahatları ile ele alınmaktadır. Ardından Türk yazımında ortaya çıkan Hitit mecazlarını açıklar nitelikteki tarihi gerçekler tüm boyutları ile değerlendirilmektedir. Mete Tunçay tarafından yapılan çalışmaya dayanarak, propaganda konusu olan Pontus Meselesi (1922) yayınına vurgu yapılmaktadır. Bu makalenin yazarı, Azeri kökenli Türk entellektüeli Ağaoğlu Ahmed Bey'in Pontus Meselesi metninin tek yazarı olduğu görüşündedir. Makalenin geri kalanında bu coğrafi-metin yakından incelenmektedir. Ağaoğlu, metin içinde Anadolu müslümanlarını ‘Türk’ olarak adlandırır ve onların atası olarak da Hititleri gösterir. Bu makale, Ağaoğlu çıkarımının 19. yüzyıl Avrupasındaki Eski Yakın Doğu tarihi anlatımlarındaki ideolojik yönlendirmeyle şekillendiği göstermektedir. Makalede Anadolu Türk milliyetçiliğindeki Kemalist kavram yayılımının Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kurulmasından bir yıl önceye, 1922 yılına dayandığı anlatılmaktadır.

Type
Research Article
Information
Anatolian Studies , Volume 58 , December 2008 , pp. 141 - 171
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 2008

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