Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-8bhkd Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-06T06:19:11.176Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Byzantine Churches of Trebizond

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2013

Extract

The material in this article was collected during a three-month stay in Trebizond (now Trabzon) in the summer of 1958, financed by the Henry L. Florence bursary awarded by the R.I.B.A., to whom I am most grateful not only for the bursary but for permission to publish the material collected.

My especial thanks are due to Mr. David Winfield, leader of the Russell Trust Expedition which is cleaning the wall-paintings in St. Sophia, Trebizond, for immense help and encouragement and for introductions both to churches and to officials; to the officials, especially the Director of Education and the Mufti, for their courtesy and assistance; to Bayan Aliye Aşurbay; and to the many tapeholders, both Turkish and British, who were pressed into service.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute at Ankara 1960

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Texier, C., Description de l'Arménie, la Perse et la Mésopotamie, Paris, 1842, pp. 49, 50,Google Scholar Pl. 1.

2 Texier, C. and Pullan, R., Byzantine Architecture, London, 1864, pp. 189–202, 217–18,Google Scholar Pls. LX, LXIV.

3 Millet, G., “Les Monastères et les Églises de Trébizonde,” BCH., XIX, 1895, pp. 419459CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

4 Brounov, N., “La Sainte-Sophie de Trébizonde,” Byzantion, IV, pp. 393408Google Scholar; Baklanov, N., “Deux Monuments Byzantins de Trébizonde,” Byzantion, IV, pp. 363391Google Scholar.

5 Rice, D. Talbot, “Religious Buildings of Trebizond,” Byzantion, V, pp. 47et seq.Google Scholar

6 Millet, and Rice, Talbot, Byzantine Painting at Trebizond, London, 1936Google Scholar.

7 Strzygowski, J., “Les Chapiteaux de Sainte-Sophie de Trébizonde,” BCH., XIX, 1895, pp. 517522CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

8 Alpatov, M., “Reliefs de Sainte-Sophie de Trébizonde,” Byzantion, IV, pp. 410–18Google Scholar.

9 Hamilton, W. J., Researches in Asia Minor, Pontus and Armenia, London, 1843, vol. I, pp. 159162Google Scholar.

10 Lynch, H. F. B., Armenia, London, 1901, vol. I, pp. 836Google Scholar.

11 Miller, W., Trebizond, London, 1926, p. 10Google Scholar.

12 χρυσάνθος, Ἀρχεῑον Πόντου, 45, Athens, 1933Google Scholar.

13 Procopius, , De Aed., 3, 7Google Scholar; de Tournefort, P., Voyage du Levant, Paris, 1717, Tome II, p. 234Google Scholar.

14 Millet gives many other inscriptions in an article “Inscriptions Byzantines de Trébizonde”, BCH., XX, 1896, pp. 496501Google Scholar, and in the article mentioned in note 3, but none is relevant to the dating of the churches.

15 Baklanov's sketch plans are of some use here, but are to a minute scale.

16 Fergusson, , History of Architecture, London, 1867, p. 337Google Scholar.

17 Ramsay, and Bell, , The Thousand and One Churches, London, 1909, pp. 45 and 73Google Scholar; Henry, P., Les Églises de la Moldavie du Nord, Paris, 1930Google Scholar.

18 Professor Talbot Rice considers that it was moved to this position by the Moslems, perhaps from a south door now blocked.

19 Millet, op. cit., in note 3, p. 458, quotes Marengo in Missions Catholiques, XI, p. 303Google Scholar; Baklanov, op. cit., in note 4, p. 388. More were seen in 1959.

20 Rice, op. cit., in note 5, quotes Fallmerayer, , Original fragmente, Münich, 1843, I, p. 120Google Scholar.

21 Marengo, see note 19.

22 Chrysanthos, op. cit., in note 12, p. 245.

23 op. cit., in note 4.

23a See below, note 42.

24 Rice, op. cit., in note 5, p. 113.

25 Millet, op. cit., in note 5, p. 23.

26 The church of the Panaghia Evangelistria and Church A, both now destroyed, also had crypts.

27 Millet, op. cit., in note 3, p. 443.

28 Chrysanthos, op. cit., in note 12, p. 439.

29 Rice, op. cit., in note 5, p. 54, quotes Fallmerayer, , Original fragmente, I, p. 125Google Scholar.

30 Rice, op. cit., in note 5, p. 54, quotes Minzlov, , The Epic of Trebizond (in Russian), Berlin, c. 1922Google Scholar.

31 Rice, op. cit., in note 5, quotes Κυριακιδου, , Ἱστορία τῆς μονῆς τῆς Σουμέλᾶ, Athens, 1898, pp. 90 f.Google Scholar

32 Strzygowski, , BCH, XIX, pp. 518 ff.Google Scholar

33 Strzygowski, , Die Baukunst der Armenier und Europa, Vienna, 1918, Fig. 775Google Scholar.

34 op. cit., in note 8.

35 Millet, op. cit., in note 3, quotes Finlay, , History of Greece, Oxford, 1877, p. 394Google Scholar.

36 Effendi, Evliya, trans. von Hammer-Pürgstall, J., Narratives of Travels in Europe, Asia and Africa, London, 1834, p. 45Google Scholar.

37 op. cit., in note 4.

38 op. cit., in note 33, pls. 520, 521.

39 I am indebted to Miss Freya Stark for information of the existence of this church.

40 Texier, op. cit., in note 1, p. 59; Travels of Marco Polo, ed. by Cordier, H., London, 1903, Vol. I, p. 49Google Scholar.

41 Rice, op. cit., in note 6, p. 140.

42 Bordier, Julien, “Relation d'un Voyage en Orient 1604–1612,” ed. by Chrysanthos, in Ἀρχειον Ποντου, 6, Athens, 1934Google Scholar.

43 BZ., 1927, p. 85Google Scholar.

44 The Art and Architecture of Russia, Pelican History of Art, 1954Google Scholar, Pl. I.

45 A Short Account of Early Muslim Architecture, Penguin Books, 1958, p. 103Google Scholar.