Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T01:01:06.520Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Twin Studies of Coronary Heart Disease and Its Risk Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Kåre Berg
Kåre Berg*
Affiliation:
Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Oslo, and Department of Medical Genetics, City of Oslo, Norway
*
Institute of Medical Genetics, P.O. Box 1036, Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Traditional twin studies have resulted in higher concordance rates for premature coronary heart disease (CHD) in MZ than in DZ twin pairs. This is in agreement with strong evidence from several other studies, that genetic factors are of importance in the etiology of early onset CHD. Also, in a study of 291 Norwegian twin pairs the concordance rate for hypertension wa 0.36 in MZ and 0.08 in DZ pairs. Relationship between diseases and traditional gene markers have been extensively studied and several associations have been uncovered for CHD. Our group has developed a method to examine a possible permissive or restrictive effect of single genes on the degree of variation that environmental and/or life style factors can cause in a given parameter. This method for studying gene-environment interaction is based on the fact that MZ twins are identical with respect to genes, so that any difference between the two members of an MZ pair must necessarily be caused by environmental or life style factors. The possibility that a given gene influences the degree of variability in a parameter such as cholesterol is examined by comparing the within-pair difference in cholesterol level between MZ pairs possessing, and MZ pairs lacking the gene in question, and results of such studies will be presented. New possibilities to study restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) at apolipoprotein loci have added a new dimension to research on genetics of CHD and hyperlipidemias. Association between apolipoprotein B, cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels on one hand and DNA variation at the apolipoprotein B locus on the other has been found. We have studied RFLPs at apolipoprotein loci in twin families. The results are presented.

Keywords

Coronary heart diseaseHypertensionCholesterolApolipoproteinsHyperlipidemias
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 36 , Issue 4 , October 1987 , pp. 439 - 453
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1987

References

REFERENCES

1. Berg, K (1983): Genetics of coronary heart disease. In Steinberg, AG, Bearn, AG, Motulsky, AG, Childs, B (eds): Progress in Medical Genetics Vol. 5 Philadelphia: Saunders Company, pp 35–90.Google Scholar
2. Berg, K (1985): Genetic of coronary heart disease and its risk factors. Berg, K (ed): Medical Genetics. Past, Present, Future. New York: Alan R Liss, pp 351–374.Google Scholar
3. Berg, K (1986): Genetics of atherosclerosis. In Olsson, AG (ed): The Biology and Clinical Science of Atherosclerosis. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingston.Google Scholar
4. Morton, NE, Berg, K, Dahlén, G, Ferrell, RE, Rhoads, GG (1985): Genetics of the Lp lipoprotein in Japanese-Americans. Genet Epidemiol 2:113–121.Google Scholar
5. Berg, K, Dahlén, G, Frick, MH (1974): Lp(a) lipoprotein and pre-β 1,-lipoprotein in patients with coronary heart disease. Clin Genet 6:230–235.Google Scholar
6. Rhoads, GG, Dahlén, G, Berg, K, Morton, NE, Dannenberg, AL (1986): Lp(a) lipoprotein as a risk factor for myocardial infarction. J Am Med Assoc 256:2540–2544.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7. Sing, CF, Orr, JD (1976): Analysis of genetic and environmental sources of variation in serum cholesterol in Tecumseh, Michigan. III. Identification of genetic effects using 12 polymorphic genetic marker systems. Am J Hum Genet 28:453–464.Google Scholar
8. Berg, K (1986): Genetic risk factors for atherosclerotic disease. Proceedings of 7th International Congress of Human Genetics, Berlin.Google Scholar
9. Børresen, A-L, Leren, TP, Berg, K, Solaas, MH (1986): Effect of haptoglobin subtypes on serum lipid levels. Hum Hered 37:150–156.Google Scholar
10. Berg, K, Hames, C, D lén, G, Frick, MH, Krishan, I (1976): Genetic variation in serum low density lipoproteins and lipid levels in man. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 73:937–940.Google Scholar
11. Uterman, G, Pruin, N, Steinmetz, A (1979): Polymorphism of apolipoprotein E. III. Effect of a single polymorphic gene locus on plasma lipid levels in man. Clin Genet 15:63–72.Google Scholar
12. Utermann, G, Kindermann, I, Kaffarnik, H, Steinmetz, A (1984): Apolipoprotein E phenotypes and hyperlipidemia. Hum Genet 65:232–236.Google Scholar
13. Leren, TP, Børresen, A-L, Berg, K, Hjermann, I, Leren, T (1985): Increased frequency of the apolipoprotein E-4 isoform in male subjects with multifactorial hypercholesterolemia. Clin Genet 27: 458–462.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14. Cumming, AM, Robertson, FW (1984): Polymorphism at the apoprotein-E locus in relation to risk of coronary disease. Clin Genet 25:310–313.Google Scholar
15. Magnus, P, Berg, K, Børresen, A-L, Nance, WE (1981): Apparent influence of marker genotypes on variation in serum cholesterol in monozygotic twins. Clin Genet 19:67–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
16. Berg, K (1984): Twin studies in coronary heart disease and its risk factors. Acta Genet Med Gemellol 33:349–361.Google Scholar
17. Deeb, SS, Motulsky, AG, Albers, JJ (1985): A partial cDNA clone for apolipoprotein B. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 82:4983–4986.Google Scholar
18. Knott, TJ, Rall, SC Jr, Innerarity, TL, Jacobson, AF, Urdea, MS, Levy-Wilson, B, Powell, LM, Pease, RJ, Eddy, R, Nakai, H, Byers, M, Priestley, LM, Robertson, E, Rall, LB, Betscholtz, C, Shows, TB, Mahley, RM, Scott, J (1985): Human apolipoprotein B: structure of carboxyl-terminal domaine, sites of gene expression and chromosomal localization. Science 230:37–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19. Lusis, AJ, West, R, Mehrabian, M, Reuben, MA, LeBoeuf, RC, Kaptein, JS, Johnson, DF, Schumaker, VN, Yuhasz, MP, Schotz, MC, Elovson, J (1985): Cloning and expression of apolipoprotein B, the major protein of low and very low density lipoproteins. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 82:4597–4601.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
20. Huang, LS, Bock, SC, Feinstein, SI, Breslow, JL (1985): Human apolipoprotein B cDNA clone isolation and demonstration that liver apolipoprotein B mRNA is 22 kilobases in lenght. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 82:6825–6829.Google Scholar
21. Priestley, L, Knott, T, Wallis, S, Powell, L, Pease, R, Simon, A, Scott, J (1985): RFLP for the human apolipoprotein B gene: I; BamHI. Nucl Acid Res 13:6789.Google Scholar
22. Priestley, L, Knott, T, Wallis, S, Powell, L, Pease, R, Scott, J (1985): RFLP for the human apolipoprotein B gene: II; EcoRI. Nucl Acid Res 13:6790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
23. Priestley, L, Knott, T, Wallis, S, Powell, L, Pease, R, Scott, J (1985): RFLP for the human apolipoprotein B gene: III; EcoRV. Nucl Acid Res 13:6791.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24. Priestley, L, Knott, T, Wallis, S, Powell, L, Pease, R, Scott, J (1985): RFLP for the human apolipoprotein B gene: IV; MspI. Nucl Acid Res 13:6792.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
25. Priestley, L, Knott, T, Wallis, S, Powell, L, Pease, R, Brunt, H, Scott, J (1985): RFLP for the human apolipoprotein B gene: V; XbaI. Nucl Acid Res 13:6793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26. Law, A, Powell, LM, Brunt, H, Knott, TJ, Altman, DG, Rajput, J, Wallis, SW, Pease, RJ, Priestley, LM, Scott, J, Miller, GJ, Miller, NE (1986): Common DNA polymorphism within coding sequence of apolipoprotein B gene associated with altered lipid levels. Lancet i: 1301.1303.Google Scholar
27. Berg, K (1986): DNA polymorphism at the apolipoprotein B locus is associated with lipoprotein level. Clin Genet 30:515–520.Google Scholar
28. Berg, K, Powell, LM, Wallis, SC, Pease, R, Knott, TJ, Scott, J (1986): Genetic linkage between the antigenic group (Ag) variation and the apolipoprotein B gene: assignment of the Ag locus. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 83:7367–7370.Google Scholar
29. Scott, J, Priestley, LM, Knott, TJ, Robertson, ME, Mann, DV, Kostner, G, Miller, GJ, Miller, NE (1985): High-density lipoprotein composition is altered by a common DNA polymorphism adjacent to apoprotein AII gene in man. Lancet i:771–773.Google Scholar
30. Humphries, SE, Berg, K, Gill, L, Cumming, AM, Robertson, FW, Statenhoef, AFH, Williamson, R, Børresen, A-L (1984): The gene for apolipoprotein C-II is closely linked to the gene for apolipoprotein E on chromosome 19. Clin Genet 26:389–396.Google Scholar