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A Twin Methodology for the Study of Genetic and Environmental Control of Variation in Human Smoking Behavior

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

David W. Crumpacker ,
Rune Cederlöf ,
Lars Friberg ,
William J. Kimberling ,
Stefan Sörensen ,
Steven G. Vandenberg ,
James S. Williams ,
Gerald E. McClearn ,
Britt Grevér  and
Hari Iyer
...Show all authors
David W. Crumpacker*
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder
Rune Cederlöf
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Hygiene, The Karolinska Institute, and Department of Environmental Hygiene, Swedish National Environmental Protection Board, Stockholm
Lars Friberg
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Hygiene, The Karolinska Institute, and Department of Environmental Hygiene, Swedish National Environmental Protection Board, Stockholm
William J. Kimberling
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Formerly, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Medical Center, Denver
Stefan Sörensen
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Hygiene, The Karolinska Institute, and Department of Environmental Hygiene, Swedish National Environmental Protection Board, Stockholm
Steven G. Vandenberg
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder
James S. Williams
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Gerald E. McClearn
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Environmental, Population and Organismic Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder
Britt Grevér
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Hygiene, The Karolinska Institute, and Department of Environmental Hygiene, Swedish National Environmental Protection Board, Stockholm
Hari Iyer
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Margaret J. Krier
Affiliation:
Department of Statistics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Nancy L. Pedersen
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder
Richard A. Price
Affiliation:
Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Boulder
Ingegärd Roulette
Affiliation:
Department of Environmental Hygiene, The Karolinska Institute, and Department of Environmental Hygiene, Swedish National Environmental Protection Board, Stockholm
*
Department of EPO Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309

Abstract

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A method is presented for partitioning the variance associated with human smoking behavior into additive genetic, nonadditive genetic, prenatal environmental, postnatal familial environmental, and postnatal extrafamilial environmental components. Estimations can also be made of additive genetic and residual correlations between spouses and of the correlation between parental additive genetic effect and progeny nonadditive genetic and environmental effect. The variance estimates are free of the biases that might result from these correlations. The statistical genetic analysis is being applied to a large group of MZ and DZ twins, their spouses, and their adult children who live in southern Sweden. Blood samples from each subject will be used to identify their genetic constitution for a number of biochemical polymorphisms, some of which may be considered a priori to have possible relationships to smoking. Associations and genetic linkages between biochemical marker loci and quantitative behavioral traits will be sought. Traits of interest include a wide array of tobacco-use variables, motives for smoking, personality and cognitive variables, and other variables associated with drug use and health. Zygosity determinations based on biochemical polymorphisms have indicated MZ to DZ and DZ to MZ misclassification rates of 0% and 6.15%, respectively, when based solely on external morphology and questionnaire data. The nonpaternity ratio of the fathers with respect to their supposedly biological children is estimated to be 0.28%. Gene frequency estimates for 21 marker loci show that the sample of twins and their relatives is quite representative of the Swedish population at large. All loci were in Hardy-Weinberg-Castle equilibrium, with no evidence of assortative mating for biochemical traits. The MZ twins are significantly more concordant than the DZ twins with respect to whether they have ever had a smoking habit.

Keywords

TwinsGeneticsPre- and postnatal environmentAssortative matingSmoking behaviorPsychological variablesBiochemical polymorphismsConcordanceZygosityPaternity
Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , July 1979 , pp. 173 - 195
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1979

References

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