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Time Factor in Cytogenetics and Neoplasia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Mihály Bartalos
Mihály Bartalos*
Affiliation:
Department of Medical Genetics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York
*
722 West 168th Street, New York, N.Y. 10032, USA

Summary

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In the complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors, time represents a coordinate. Thus, it is only logical to consider biological phenomena and features in the three dimensions of space and in the dimension of time. Gedda and coworkers devoted much attention to the genetic aspects of various chronobiological events in man, and performed an extensive series of experiments to probe the many ramifications of gene-related timing phenomena.

Time factors in cytogenetics and neoplasia are discussed by considering chronobiological events as manifestations of interconnecting oscillatory phenomena in living systems. These phenomena, in turn, are regarded as the products of negative feedback control processes.

Subjects under discussion include satellite association, nondisjunction, C-mitotic duplication, endomitosis, endoreduplication, and delayed fertilization. The different theories of carcinogenesis are briefly reviewed and the time factor, as it applies to postulated mutational changes in neoplasia, is discussed.

Riassunto

Riassunto

Nelle complesse interazioni dei fattori genetici ed ambientali il tempo rappresenta una coordinata. Diviene quindi logico considerare i fenomeni biologici nelle tre dimensioni dello spazio e nella dimensione del tempo. Gedda e collaboratori hanno dedicato molta attenzione agli aspetti genetici dei vari eventi cronobiologici nell'uomo, conducendo una lunga serie di esperimenti per chiarire le numerose ramificazioni dei fenomeni temporali collegati al gene.

Vengono discussi i fattori temporali nei settori della citogenetica e delle neoplasie, considerando gli eventi cronobiologici come manifestazioni di fenomeni oscillatori fra loro collegati nei sistemi biologici. A loro volta, tali fenomeni sono considerati come prodotti di processi di controllo di un feedback negativo.

Sono discussi casi di satelliti, non-disgiunzione, duplicazione C-mitotica, endomitosi, endoduplicazione e fecondazione ritardata. Le diverse teorie della cancerogenesi vengono brevemente passate in rassegna e viene discusso il fattore tempo nella sua applicazione alle variazioni mutazionali postulate nelle neoplasie.

Résumé

Résumé

Dans les complexes intéractions des facteurs génétiques et ambiants, le temps représente une coordonnée. Il est par conséquent logique de considérer les phénomènes biologiques dans les trois dimensions de l'espace ainsi que dans la dimension du temps. Gedda et ses collaborateurs ont dédié beaucoup d'attention aux aspects génétiques des différents événements chronobiologiques chez l'homme, conduisant une longue série d'expérimentations afin de mieux comprendre les nombreuses ramifications des phénomènes temporels reliés au gène.

Les facteurs temporels dans les secteurs de la cytogénétique et des néoplasies sont discutés considérant les événements chronobiologiques en tant que manifestation de phénomènes oscillatoires entreliés dans les systèmes biologiques. Ces phénomènes sont à leur tour considérés comme des produits de procès de contrôle d'un feedback négatif.

Sont discutés des cas de satellites, non-disjonction, duplication C-mitotique, endomitose, endoduplication et fécondation retardée. Les différentes étapes de la cancérogénèse sont brièvement examinées, et le facteur temps est discuté dans son application aux variations mutationnelles postulées dans les néoplasies.

Zusammenfassung

Zusammenfassung

Die Zeit ist eine Koordinate in dem komplexen Wechselspiel zwischen Umwelt und Vererbung. Es erscheint daher logisch, die biologischen Phänomene nicht nur in den drei Raummassen sondern auch in ihrem Zeitmass zu betrachten. Gedda u. Mitarb. haben den genetischen Aspekten der verschiedenen chronobiologischen Ereignisse beim Menschen grosse Aufmerksamkeit gewidmit, in dem Versuch, durch weitläufige Serienuntersuchungen die zahlreichen, gengebundenen Verzweigungen der zeitlichen Phänomene zu klären.

Dabei erörtern sie die Bedeutung der Zeitfaktoren auf dem Gebiet der Zellgenetik und der Neoplasien, indem sie die chronobiologischen Ereignisse als Äusserung von Schwankungsfaktoren ansehen, welche in den biologischen Systemen miteinander verbunden sind. Diese Phänomene werden ihrerseits als Ergebnis von Kontrollprozessen eines negativen feedback angesehen.

Es werden folgende Fälle besprochen: Satellite, non-Dysjunction, C-Mitosen-Duplikation, Endomitosen, Endoduplikation und Befruchtungsverzögerung. Dabei werden auch die verschiedenen Krebstheorien kurz gestreift und der Zeitfaktor erörtert, der auf die bei Neoplasien vermuteten Mutationsvariationen angewandt wird.

Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 20 , Issue 4 , October 1971 , pp. 350 - 358
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1971

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