Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-gb8f7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T07:36:59.022Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Felix A. Steiner
Felix A. Steiner*
Affiliation:
Department of Experimental Medicine, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Co. Ltd., Basel, and Institute for Brain Research, University of Zurich, Switzerland
*
c/o F. Hoffmann-La Roche & Co. Ltd, Grenzacherstrasse 124, 4002 Basel, Switzerland

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

In the central nervous system, besides the neurotransmitters, the occurrence of substances which modify neuronal excitability has been proposed. Since their effect is a matter of modulating neuronal responsiveness, these substances may be called neuromodulators.

Examples of neurotransmitters or putative neurotransmitters in the central nervous system are acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, and aminoacids such as GABA, glycine, and L-glutamic acid. Under certain conditions, some of these (acetylcholine, L-glutamic acid, and GABA), as well as hormones and polypeptides (e.g., releasing factors) are considered to act as neuromodulators.

Type
3. Genetics of Disorders of Nerves and Synapses
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 23 , supplement S1 , January 1974 , pp. 123 - 128
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1974

References

REFERENCES

Almqvist, S. 1972. Clinical side effects of TRH. In Hall, R., Werner, I., Holgate, H. (eds.): Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone. [Vol. 1, pp. 38–44]. Basel: Karger.Google Scholar
Baldessarini, R.J., Karobath, M. 1973. Biochemical physiology of central synapses. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 35: 273–304.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Blackwell, R.E., Guillemin, R. 1973. Hypothalamic control of adenohypophysial secretions. Ann. Rev. Physiol., 35: 357–390.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Curtis, D.R. 1963. Acetylcholine as a central transmitter. Can. J. Biochem., 41: 2611–2618.Google ScholarPubMed
Curtis, D.R. 1964. Microelectrophoresis. In Nastuk, W.L. (ed.): Physical Techniques in Biological Research. [Vol. V, part A, pp. 144–190]. New York: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Eccles, J.C. 1964. The Physiology of Synapses. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Florey, E. 1967. Neurotransmitters and modulators in the animal kingdom. Fed. Proc., 26: 1164–1178.Google Scholar
Kastin, A.J., Schalch, D.S., Ehrensing, R.H., Anderson, M.S. 1972. Improvement in mental depression with decreased thyrotropin response after administration of thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Lancet, 2: 740–742.Google Scholar
McLennan, H. 1970. Synaptic Transmission. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.Google Scholar
Moss, R.L., McCann, S.M. 1973. Induction of mating behavior in rats by luteinizing hormone releasing factor. Science, 181: 177–179.Google Scholar
Pappas, G.D., Purpura, D.P. (eds.) 1972. Structure and Function of Synapses. New York: Raven Press.Google Scholar
Phillis, J.W. 1970. The Pharmacology of Synapses. Oxford: Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
jrPrange, A.I., Lara, P.P., Wilson, I.C., Alltop, L.B., Breese, G.R. 1972. Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone in depression. Lancet, 2: 999–1002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Schally, A.V., Arimura, A., Kastin, A.J. 1973. Hypothalamic regulatory hormones. Science, 179: 341–350.Google Scholar
Smellie, R.M.F. (ed.) 1972. Neurotransmitters and Metabolic Regulation. London: The Biochem. Society.Google Scholar
Steiner, F.A. 1968. Influence of microelectrophoretically applied acetylcholine on the responsiveness of hippocampal and lateral geniculate neurones. Pflügers Arch., 303: 173–180.Google Scholar
Steiner, F.A., Ruf, K., Akert, K. 1969. Steroid-sensitive neurones in rat brain: Anatomical localization and responses to neurohumours and ACTH. Brain Res., 12: 74–85.Google Scholar
Steiner, F.A. 1971. Neurotransmitter und Neuromodulatoren. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.Google Scholar
Steiner, F.A. 1973. Effects of locally applied hormones and neurotransmitters on hypothalamic neurones. Proc. 4th Int. Congr. Endocrinology, Washington 1972, pp. 202–204.Google Scholar
Van der Vis-Melsen Mary, J.E., Wiener, J.D. 1972. Improvement in mental depression with decreased thyrotropin response after administration of thy-rotropin-releasing hormone. Lancet, 2: 1415.Google Scholar