Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T23:27:08.022Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The M quadruplets: I. Probability of uniovular origin judged from qualitative traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2014

Gordon Allen
Gordon Allen*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Socio-Environmental Studies, National Institute of Mental Health

Summary

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

The M quadruplets have been regarded as monozygotic by all investigators who have studied them carefully. Previous authors have based their diagnosis on the description of the placenta, on early physical resemblances, and on qualitative features.

The addition of blood group tests to the criteria now tends to confirm the earlier conclusion. From an extension of methods devised for use in twins, it appears that the probability that these quadruplets originated from more than one zygote is less than one per cent. However, some quantitative differences, especially in finger prints, require a more elaborate analysis, and such an analysis will be presented and discussed in a second article.

Riassunto

RIASSUNTO

I Quadrigemini M sono stati considerati monozigotici da tutti quelli che li hanno studiati attentamente. Autori precedenti hanno basato la loro diagnosi sulla descrizione della placenta, sulla precoce somiglianza fisica e sui tratti qualitativi.

L'esame dei gruppi sanguigni, aggiunto a questi criteri, tende ora a confermare la precedente conclusione. Estendendo a questo caso l'applicazione dei metodi adottati per i gemelli, appare che la probabilità che questi quadrigemini derivino da più di uno zigote è minore all'1%. Tuttavia è necessaria una analisi più elaborata per quanto riguarda alcune differenze quantitative, soprattutto per le impronte digitali e tale analisi verrà presentata e discussa in un secondo articolo.

Résumé

RÉSUMÉ

Les Quadruplés M ont été considérés mono-zygotiques par tous ceux qui les ont étudiés attentivement. Les auteurs précédents ont fait leur diagnose sur la base de la description de la placenta, sur la précoce ressemblance physique et sur les traits qualitatifs.

L'examen des groupes sanguins, ajouté à ces critères, confirme maintenant la conclusion précédente. L'application d'un ensemble de méthodes gémellaires démontre que la probabilité que ces quadruplés tiennent leur origine de plus qu'un seul zygote est moindre de 1%. Une analyse plus élaborée est cependant nécessaire pour ce qui concerne certaines différences quantitatives, surtout pour les empreintes digitales et cette analyse sera présentée et discutée dans une deuxième étude.

Zusammenfassung

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Die M Vierlinge waren bei alle die sie aufmerksam untersuchten wie EZ betrachtet. Bisher, haben andere Verfasser die Diagnose auf die Beschreibung der Plazenta, auf die physische Ähnlichkeit und auf die qualitativen Merkmale begründet.

Dieser Schluss ist auch durch die heutige Blutgruppen Untersuchung bestätigt. Zwillingsmethoden schauen dass es eine Wahrscheinlichkeit minder als 1% gibt, dass die Vierlinge nicht EZ sind. Doch ist es nötig eine breitere Analyse über einige quantitativen Unterschiede (besonders über die Fingerdrücke) zu machen und so eine Analyse wird in einem zweiten Artikel festgestellt und diskutiert.

Type
Research Article
Information
Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research , Volume 9 , Issue 2 , April 1960 , pp. 240 - 254
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Twin Studies 1960

References

Allen, G., and Firschein, I. L. 1957. The mathematical relations among plural births. Amer. J. Human Genet. 9: 181–190.Google ScholarPubMed
Bleciimann, G. et al. 1950. Note sur les premiers jours des quadruplés de La Celle-Saint-Cloud. Arch. fr. pédiat., 7: 612–613.Google Scholar
Bulmer, M. G. 1958. The numbers of human multiple births. Ann. Human Genet., 22: 22: 158–164.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Burks, B. S. 1938. Autosomal linkage in man — recombination ratio between congenital tooth deficiency and hair color. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sc., 24: 512–519.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caffey, J. 1956. Pediatric X-ray Diagnosis, 3rd Ed., Chicago, Year Book Publishers.Google Scholar
Clarke, A. E. 1932. Identical quadruplets. J. Hered., 23: 257–259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Essen-MÖLler, E. 1941. Empirische Ahnlichkeitzdiagnose bei Zwillingen. Hereditas, 27: 1–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, I.C. and Newman, H. H. 1940a. The alphabetical Perricone quadruplets. A four-egg set. J. Hered., 31: 307–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, I.C. and Newman, H. H. 1940b. Physical and mental traits of the college quadruplets. J. Hered., 31: 418–424.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, I.C. and Newman, H. H. 1942. Studies of quadruplets: IV - The Badgett quadruplets. J. Hered., 33: 345–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, I.C. and Newman, H. H. 1943a. Studies of quadruplets: V — The Kaspar quadruplets. J. Hered., 34: 27–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, I.C. and Newman, H. H. 1943b. Studies of quadruplets: V (SIC) - The only living one-egg quadruplets. J. Hered., 34: 259–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, I.C. and Newman, H. H. 1944. Studies of quadruplets: VII - The Schenses, four-egg quadruplets. J. Hered., 35: 83–88.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, H. and Kalmus, H. 1950. The measurement of taste sensitivity to PTC. Ann. Eugen. 15: 24–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hartman, J. W. Jr., et al. 1949. Quadruplet pregnancy: diagnosis at seventeen weeks of gestation. Amer. J. Obst. Gynec., 57: 1005–1007.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lancaster, W. E. G. 1944. Growth and development of premature quadruplets. J. Lancet 64: 147–152.Google Scholar
Lartigue, and Prudent, . 1944. Les quadruplées de Bannalec. Gyn. obst., Par. 5: 23–24.Google Scholar
MacArthur, J. W., and MacArthur, O. T. 1937. Finger, palm and sole prints of monozygotic quadruplets. J. Hered., 28: 147–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McArthur, N. 1953. The frequency of monovular and binovular twin births in Italy, 1949-1959.A. Ge. Me. Ge., 2: 11–18.Google Scholar
Miettinen, M. 1952. On triplets jnd quadruplets in Finland. Acta Paediat., 43, Suppl. 99: 3–103.Google Scholar
Newman, H. H. and Gardner, I. C. 1942. Studies of quadruplets - III. Types and frequencies of quadruplets. J. Hered., 33: 311–314.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nichols, J. B. 1952. Statistics of births in The U.S., Amer. J. Obst. Gynec., 64: 376–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nixon, W. L.B. 1956. On the diagnosis of twin-pair ovularity and the use of dermatoglyphic data. Novan-t'anni delle Leggi Mendeliane, Roma, Istituto Gregorio Mendel. 235–245.Google Scholar
Penrose, L. S. 1949. Familial studies on palmar patterns in relation to mongolism. Proc. 8th Int. Congr. Genetics. Hereditas, Lund (Suppl. Vol.), Page 412.Google Scholar
Pryor, J. W. 1936. Ossification as additional evidence in differentiating identicals and fraternals in multiple births. Amer. J. Anat., 59: 409–423.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pryor, J. W. 1939. Normal variations in the ossification of bones. J. Hered., 30: 249–255.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sarkar, S. S. 1943. A quadruplet set consisting of two pairs of identical Twins, J. Hered., 34: 283.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlaginhaufen, O. 1940. Die Vierlingsgeschwister Gehri und ihr Verwandschaftskries. Arch. Julius Klaus Stift., 15; cited by Gardner and Newman, 1944.Google Scholar
Searle, W. N., and Denny, F. 1953. A case of uniovular quadruplets. J. Obst. Gynec. Brit. Emp., 60: 31–36.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slater, E., and Shields, J. 1953. Psychotic and Neurotic Illnesses in Twins. London; Her Majesty's Stationery Office.Google ScholarPubMed
Smith, S. M., and Penrose, L. S. 1955. Monozygotic and dizygotic twin diagnosis. Ann. Human Genet., 19: 273–289.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutton, H. E., et al., 1955. The use of multi-allele genetic characters in the diagnosis of twin zygosity. Amer. J. Human Genet., 7: 180–188.Google ScholarPubMed
Ullery, J. C. 1945. Delivery of quadruplets by Cesarean section under continuous spinal anesthesia. J. Am. M. Ass., 128: 183–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, N. F. 1947. A further description of a set of quadriovular quadruplets. Amer. J. Obst. Gynec., 54: 266–272.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Walsh, R.J. 1952. The blood groups of quadruplets. Australasian Annals of Medicine, 1: 140–141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wendt, G. G. 1955. Der individuelle Musterwert der Fingerleisten und seine Vererbung. A. Ge. Me. Ge., 4: 330–337.Google Scholar