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The Presidency of Nicolas Geffrard of Haiti

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

John E. Baur*
Affiliation:
Los Angeles, California

Extract

During the early days of 1859, Port-au-Prince was busy with holiday celebrations, dramatic addresses and colorful events. Haitians possess a certain genius for properly observing a great day, and indeed it seemed that halcyon days had at last arrived in the Caribbean. Before the national legislature that April came a new president, a man for all the people. He was a person of medium height, rather slender and very erect and dignified. A mixture of Negro and mulatto elements, the new national hero had a very dark complexion, gray hairs befitting his fifty-three years, and courteous airs. In fact, his decorum was striking, set off as it was with a quiet gentleness, polish and evident idealism that seemed almost out of place in a Haitian warrior who had just dethroned an emperor.

The ownerless imperial crown, symbolic of the recently defunct regime, was brought before the restorer of the old Republic. Fittingly, the chief executive employed allegory to express his adventure into reform. After a long, flowery speech denouncing the exiled Emperor Faustin I, President Nicolas Fabre Geffrard swore fidelity to the popular government, announced some preliminary political changes, and took up a small gavel. With this he struck the crown three times, condemning the magnificent diadem and its regime as he inaugurated the Republic which must not waver. From that day on the crown of Soulouque became a museum piece, but what is symbolized could not be so easily defeated and discarded.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1954

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References

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100 Ludlow, , op. cit., p. 525 Google Scholar. Geffrard’s life was not a happy one. His only son, eighteen-year-old Clodomir, died early in 1859. His youngest daughter became the victim of an assassin, while his eldest daughter died in childbirth. Learning that an army officer plotted to kill him, Geffrard is said to have taken him to a cemetery, and there before his son’s grave he said, “I know you carry pistols to shoot me on the first opportunity. Do it here. Let me fall on the grave of my son. Do you hesitate? Take my pistols if your own fail you.” The culprit broke down and was forgiven. Legend has it that Geffrard retained him in his old station!

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112 Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs, op. cit., p. 525 Google Scholar, contains Peck’s letter to Seward, October 22, 1866, telling of the 800,000 francs to be paid to France by April, but of which only 300,000 actually was given. Napoleon III refused to reduce the debt for the next six years.

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122 Ibid., p. 307. Geffrard’s property was soon sacked by mobs.

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