Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7czq Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T11:32:48.676Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The Land, People, and Problems of America in Eighteenth-Century Spanish Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 December 2015

Anthony Tudisco
Anthony Tudisco*
Affiliation:
Columbia University, New York City
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

Twentieth-Century historians accept the fact that history can no longer be viewed merely as past politics; it must now embrace all aspects of national life and thought—total history. In the study of a colonial empire, the social scientist must seek his sources not only in the colony but also in the mother country. The enumeration and analysis of American themes in the literature of imagination of eighteenth-century Spain can open new panoramas to the student of history since these themes reflect the ideas of the peninsular Spaniard and might help explain the reactions which they caused in the colonies.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Americas , Volume 12 , Issue 4 , April 1956 , pp. 363 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1956

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Juan Meléndez Valdés, Epístola al excelentísimo señor don Enrique de Llaguno … in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, LXIII, 202.

2 Cornelia, Luciano Francisco, Cristóbal Colón (Madrid, 1790), p. 17 Google Scholar.

3 Orrio, P. Francisco Xavier Alejo de, Solución del gran problema acerca de la población de las Américas (México, 1763 Google Scholar).

4 Nuix, P. Juan, Reflexiones imparciales sobre la humanidad de los españoles en las Indias (Madrid, 1782), p. 235 Google Scholar.

5 Montengón, Pedro, Sobre los Andes in Odas (Madrid, 1794), p. 169 Google Scholar.

6 Cf. Morínigo, Marcos A., América en el teatro de Lope de Vega (Buenos Aires, 1946), pp. 114–118 Google Scholar.

7 Ulloa, Antonio de, Noticias americanas (Buenos Aires, 1944), pp. 4–5 Google Scholar. The first edition appeared in Madrid in 1772.

8 Ulloa, Antonio de, Noticias americanas (Buenos Aires, 1944), p. 20 Google Scholar.

9 Ibid., p. 36.

10 Cf. THE AMERICAS, IV, 3 (January, 1948), 363.

11 Ibid., p. 364.

12 Ulloa, op. cit., p. 79.

13 Ulloa, op. cit., pp. 23–24.

14 Poesias in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, XIX, 4.

15 Cf. Gerbi, Antonello, Viejas polémicas sobre el Nuevo Mundo (Lima, 1946)Google Scholar.

16 Nuix, op. cit., p. 298.

17 P. Benito Feijóo, Mapa intelectual in Teatro crítico, II, 278–280 and Maravillas de la naturaleza in Teatro crítico, VI, 226.

18 Gálvez, P. José Granados y, Tardes americanas (México, 1778)Google Scholar.

19 Cornelia, Luciano Francisco, La Jacoba (Madrid, 1789)Google Scholar.

20 Juan Meléndez Valdés, Poesías in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, LXIII, 205.

21 Ulloa, op. cit., pp. 266–267.

22 Ibid., p. 249.

23 Ulloa, op. cit., p. 277.

24 Cadalso, José, Cartas marruecas (Madrid, 1935), pp. 127–129 Google Scholar.

25 Cf. Juan, Jorge and Ulloa, Antonio de, Noticias secretas de América (Madrid, 1918), p. 337 Google Scholar. These two authors note the dangers inherent to this position and warn their countrymen of the rebellious spirit of the “criollo” and “mestizo”: “Si se pudiera tener algún recelo de sublevación de alguna clase de gentes en las Indias de aquella parte meridional, debería recaer esta sospecha sobre los criollos o sobre los mestizos, los que abandonados a la ociosidad y abandonados a los vicios, son los que causan disturbios.”

26 Feijóo, P. Benito, Españoles americanos in Teatro crítico (Madrid, 1753), IV, 122 Google Scholar.

27 Feijóo, P. Benito, Sobre la población de España in Cartas eruditas (Madrid, 1761), V, 253 Google Scholar.

28 Gálvez, P. José Joaquín Granados y, Tardes americanas (México, 1778), p. 397 Google Scholar.

29 Ibid., p. 419.

30 Ayanque, Simón, Lima por dentro y fuera (Madrid, 1798), p. 136 Google Scholar.

31 Ulloa, op. cit., pp. 278–279.

32 Nuix, op. cit., pp. 239–240.

33 Ulloa, op. cit., p. 277. It is interesting to compare Ulloa’s observations to those of the critic, Pedro Henríquez Ureña. In his Literary currents in Hispanic America, p. 41, while commenting upon the “homem novo” of the twentieth-century Brazilian sociologist, Euclides da Cunha, and the “nuevo indígena” of the poet, José Joaquín Pérez, he observes: “It is not a race, of course, nor even a particular racial mixture, but the result of many generations of men of different origins living together under similar conditions. The result, as Ricardo Rojas put it, not of an ethnos, but of an ethos. Bolivar had al ready remarked on it: ‘We differ,’ he said ‘from all the other varieties of the human species.’ And when he said ‘we’ he thought, as usual, of all Hispanic America.”

34 A study of these theories was made by the author of this article in a paper read before the members of the inter-university seminar of the Northeastern Council for Latin American Studies and published in Ciencias Sociales, Vol. V, 28 de agosto, 1954.

35 In Teatro critico (Madrid, 1778), V.

36 Feijóo, op. cit., p. 332–333.

37 Orrio, P. José Alejo de, Solución del gran problema acerca de la población de las Américas (México, 1763), p. 41 Google Scholar.

38 Ibid., p. 64.

39 (Madrid, 1800–1805.)

40 Catálogo, I, 82.

41 Ibid., pp. 395–396.

42 Cf. Juderías, Julián, La leyenda negra (Barcelona, 1917)Google Scholar, and Carbia, Rómulo D., Historia de la leyenda negra hispanoamericana (Madrid, 1944)Google Scholar.

43 Cf. Bissell, Benjamin, The American Indian in English literature of the Eighteenth Century (New Haven, 1925)Google Scholar.

44 Feijóo, P. Benito, Historia natural in crítico, Teatro (Madrid, 1757), II, 54 Google Scholar; and Contra la pretendida multitud de hechiceros in Cartas eruditas (Madrid, 1754), III, 174.

45 Feijóo, P. Benito, Glorias de España in Teatro crítico (Madrid, 1753), IV, 366 Google Scholar.

46 Escóiquiz, Juan de, Méjico conquistada (Madrid, 1798), p. xviii Google Scholar.

47 Nuix, op. cit., pp. 134–136.

48 Cadalso, op. cit., p. 91.

49 Forner, Juan Pablo, Exiquias de la lengua castellana (Madrid, 1925), p. 236 Google Scholar.

50 Iriarte, Tomas de, “El señorito mimado” in Colección de obras en verso y prosa (Madrid, 1787)Google Scholar.

51 Cornelia, Luciano Francisco, La Jacoba (Madrid, 1789)Google Scholar.

52 Ibid., pp. 19–20.

53 Nuix, op. cit., p. 235.

54 Ayanque, op. cit., pp. 99–100.

55 Desengaños, p. 170.

56 Nuix, op. cit., p. 92.

57 Cadalso, op. cit., p. 178.

58 Ulloa, op. cit., p. 267.

59 Fábula de las Batuecas in Teatro crítico (Madrid, 1753), IV, 265–267 Google Scholar.

60 Félix José Reinoso, A Silvio in Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, LXVII, 225.

61 Pedro Montengón, Al Potosí in Odas, pp. 167–169.

62 Fábula de las Batuecas, op. cit., p. 267.

63 Cf.Delgado, Jaime, La independencia de América en la prensa española (Madrid, 1949)Google Scholar.

64 Cf.Almagro, Melchor Fernández, La emancipación de América y su reflejo en la conciencia española (Madrid, 1944)Google Scholar.

65 In Biblioteca de Autores Españoles, LXIII, 86, 93. These poems were written in 1816.

66 “Parabién poético,” p. 93.

67 The poem appears in Fernández Almagro, op. cit., p. 147.

68 Ibid., pp. 148–149.