¹ Archivo de San Francisco de Lima, Registro 2, Parte 2, Documento 30. This title is in the handwriting of Fray Fernando Rodríguez Tena, who arranged and bound the archive in 1777. Since the document is bound in, it is difficult to give its exact measurements. Its length is 21 cm. and its width is approximately 14 cm. There is no pagination. The substance of the manuscript is reproduced either by direct quotation or by paraphrase in Alonso de la Peña Montenegro, Itinerario para Párrocos de Indios, Lib. II. Trat. IX. Secc. XVI and Lib. II. Trat. X. Secc. IX.

² Zavala, Silvio, La Encomienda Indiana (Madrid, 1935), pp. 103–110.Google Scholar

³ Revista del Archivo Nacional del Perú, tomo 1 (Lima, 1920), pp. 82–105. These instructions were written “mientras estuvieren aquellos tiranos levantados contra el Rey” (ibid., p. 96). They were apparently written to force the observance of the Leyes Nuevas. Belaunde-Guinassi, Manuel, La Encomienda en el Perú (Lima, 1945), p. 78.Google Scholar

⁴ Meléndez, Fray Juan, Tesoros Verdaderos de las Indias (3 tomos, Rome, 1681), tomo 1, p. 503.Google Scholar

⁵ Levillier, Roberto, Gobernantes del Perú: Cartas y Papeles, Siglo XVI (14 vols., Madrid, 1921–1926), tomo 3, pp. 447 f.Google Scholar

⁶ Getino, Luis, Los Dominicos y Las Leyes Nuevas (Madrid, 1945), p. 18.Google Scholar

⁷ Errázuriz, Crescente, Los Oríjines de la Iglesia Chilena, 1540–1603 (Santiago, 1873), p. 155.Google Scholar

⁸ Errázuriz, op. cit., p. 154.

⁹ Levillier, Gobernantes del Perú, tomo 1, p. 396.

¹⁰ Levillier, Gobernantes del Perú, tomo 3, p. 278.

¹¹ Barrenechea, Raúl Porras, “El testamento de Mancio Serra”, Mercurio Peruano, tomo 23 (Lima, 1941), pp. 55–62.Google Scholar

¹² The first Jesuit Provincial in Perú. The early Jesuits of Perú seem to have used this form of identification. Thus Lizárraga, Reginaldo, Descripción y Población de las Indias (Lima, 1908), p. 42 Google Scholar, when speaking of the Jesuit College in Lima, says, “En nuestros días, siendo ya sacerdote, se fundó el colegio de nombre de Jesús”. This emphasis on the Name of Jesus is probably due to the fact that St. Ignatius, the founder of the Jesuits, used as his headquarters in Rome the oratory of the society of the Name of Jesus, erected by the Franciscan, St. Bernardine of Siena. In 1575, this oratory was replaced by the present church, Il Gesú (J. Hofer, St. John Capistran [St. Louis, 1943], p. 63).

¹³ The Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, The Harkness Collection of Spanish Manuscripts Concerning Peru, 1531–1651, 864.

¹⁴ Levillier, Robert, Organización de la Iglesia y Ordenes Religiosas en el Virreinato del Perú en el Siglo XVI (2 parts, Madrid, 1919), part 2, p. 279.Google Scholar

¹⁵ Levillier, Organización, part 1, p. 60. Lizárraga, op. cit., pp. 118 ff. Meléndez, op. cit., tomo 1, pp. 500–524.

¹⁶ Medina, José T., The Discovery of the Amazon According to the Account of Friar Gaspar de Carvajal, trans, by Lee, Bertram T. (New York, 1934), pp. 12–22.Google Scholar

¹⁷ Salinas, Fray Diego de Córdova, Coronica de la Religiosíssima Provincia de los Doze Apóstoles del Perú (Lima, 1651), Lib. VI, Cap. IIII, p. 558.Google Scholar

¹⁸ Levillier, Gobernantes, tomo 2, p. 532.

¹⁹ Levillier, ibid., tomo 1, p. 51.

²⁰ Angulo, Domingo, “La Universidad y Estudio General de la ciudad de los Reyes en su primer periodo”, Revista Histórica, tomo 9 (Lima, 1928–1935), p. 402.Google Scholar

²¹ Lizárraga, op. cit., p. 35.

²² de la Calancha, Fray Antonio, Coronica Moralizada del Orden de San Agustín en el Perú (Barcelona, 1639), tomo 1, pp. 166, 397, 418 ff., 531 ff.Google Scholar

²³ Meléndez, op. cit., tomo 1, pp. 386–387, 610.

²⁴ Lizárraga, op. cit., p. 29.

²⁵ Córdova Salinas, op. cit., Lib. II, pp. 34 ff.

²⁶ “Testamento del Generál Francisco Velásquez Vela Núñez. Año de 1546”, Revista del Archivo Nacional del Perú, tomo 8 (Lima, 1935), p. 232.

²⁷ “Memoria y Relaccion de las Obsequias y Honrras que en la Ciudad de los Reyes se hizieron por la Magd.”, Rev. del Arch. Nac. Perú, tomo 8 (Lima, 1935), p. 153.

²⁸ Levillier, Gobernantes, tomo 3, p. 106.

²⁹ Levillier, ibid., tomo 3, p. 207.

³⁰ “Visita General del Virrey Toledo”, Revista Histórica, tomo 7 (Lima, 1921–1925), p. 121.

³¹ Barriga, Victor, Los Mercedarios en el Perú en el Siglo XVI, Tomo II, 1525–1580 (Arequipa, 1939), pp. 46–47, 69, 220, 282, 285.Google Scholar

³² Clemence, Stella R., The Harkness Collection in the Library of Congress. Calendar of Spanish Manuscripts Concerning Peru, 1531–1651 (Washington, 1932), p. 224.Google Scholar

³³ This view closely coincides with that of Francisco de Vitoria as expressed in a letter to Father Arcos, to which the date of November 8, 1534 has been assigned. Concerning the conquest of Peru, Vitoria says “that the property in question could be claimed only under ‘the right of war’. But a war to be permissible should have a just cause and ‘the justice of this war passes my understanding’”.

“‘I do not, indeed, dispute the fact that the Emperor can conquer the Indies, for I presume that, strictly speaking, he can do so. But I infer from the accounts of those very persons who took part in the recent battle with Tabalipa (Atahualpa), that nether Tabalipa nor his people had at any time or in any way injured the Christians, or committed any other act for which war might justly be waged against them. To this point, those who champion the cause of the conquerors reply that the soldiers were under no obligation to investigate that phase of the matter, but were, on the contrary, obliged to obey the commands of their captains, and to act in accordance with those commands’”.

“‘I grant the force of this reply with respect to those persons who did not know that the sole motive for the war was robbery; and all, or the majority were indeed ignorant of this fact. Furthermore, I believe that the other conquests, taking place between that time and the present, have been still more despicable’”. (Scott, James Brown, The Spanish Origin of International Law. Francisco Vitoria and the Law of Nations [Oxford, 1934], pp. 78 ff.Google Scholar)

^* remaining signatures and the name of the copyist are missing.

^** These lines are crossed through.

^*** To the side are the words “Proviçion episcopal” with the numeral 176 underneath.