The Impact of the Wars of Independence on the Institutional Life of the New Kingdom of Granada

José M. Capdequí

doi:10.2307/979600

The Impact of the Wars of Independence on the Institutional Life of the New Kingdom of Granada

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015

José M. Capdequí

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José M. Capdequí*: Affiliation:
Benimodo, Spain

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In the following study we are presenting, as a supplement to our latest book, Las Instituciones del Nuevo Reino de Granada al tiempo de la independencia, a documentary study on the repercussions which the wars of independence had upon the institutional life of the provinces of New Granada that were still in the hands of the Spanish.

Many of the documents which are cited here show us the innermost idéas of the Spanish leaders in those difficult days when so many institutions were crumbling not only overseas but in Spain itself. By comparing documents concerning the metropolis and the colony, we can gain a fairly good idea of the institutional comings and goings, the efforts to obtain regularity in the functioning of the various governmental bureaus, and the useless attempts to control the uncontrollable.

Type: Research Article
Information: The Americas , Volume 17 , Issue 2 , October 1960 , pp. 111 - 198

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/979600 [Opens in a new window]
Copyright: Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1960

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^* Translated and edited by Mathias C. Kiemen, O. F. M. Sufficient bibliographical information concerning the independence movment in Colombia and Venezuela can be found in the small books of the Program on the History of America, under the general editorship of Silvio Zavala, published by the Commission on History of the Pan American Institute of Geography and History; see especially Carmen Velázquez, María del, México. Centro América y Antillas (Mexico, 1953)Google Scholar and Salas, Eugenio Pereira, América del Sur (México, 1956).Google Scholar See also Las Actas de Independencia de América, edited by Malagón, Javier, with preliminary study by Griffin, Charles C. (Washington, 1954).Google Scholar

¹ Archivo Nacional de Colombia, section entitled “Cabildos,” Tom. III, fol. 734; this archive will hereafter be cited as ANC, with roman numerals signifying “tome” and arabic “folio.”

² ANC, Virreyes, I, 364.

³ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 551.

⁴ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 705.

⁵ ANC, ibid., XL, 256.

⁶ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXV, 162v. (Translator’s Note: Here and elsewhere, where-ever technical terms are used, the original Spanish is given.)

⁷ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 40.

⁸ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 793.

⁹ ANC, ibid., XL, 804.

¹⁰ ANC, ibid., XL, 820.

¹¹ ANC, ibid., XL, 838v.

¹² ANC, ibid., XLII, 519.

¹³ ANC, ibid., XLII, 649.

¹⁴ ANC, ibid., XLII, 809.

¹⁵ ANC, ibid., XLII, 812.

¹⁶ ANC, ibid., XXXVII, 571.

¹⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 675.

¹⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 265.

¹⁹ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 125.

²⁰ ANC, ibid., XL, 540.

²¹ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 639, 654.

²² Royal cedula of February 6, 1815; ANC, ibid., XLI, 4.

²³ ANC, ibid., XLI, 133.

²⁴ ANC, ibid., XLI, 28.

²⁵ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 2.

²⁶ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 792.

²⁷ ANC, ibid., XLI, 594.

²⁸ ANC, ibid., XLII, 345.

²⁹ ANC, ibid., XLII, 366.

³⁰ ANC, ibid., XLI, 624.

³¹ ANC, ibid., XLII, 641.

³² ANC, ibid., XXXVII, 419.

³³ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 589.

³⁴ ANC, ibid., XLI, 756.

³⁵ ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 477.

³⁶ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 434.

³⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 489.

³⁸ ANC, ibid., XLII, 276.

³⁹ ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 540.

⁴⁰ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 778.

⁴¹ ANC, ibid., XLII, 778.

⁴² ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 535.

⁴³ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 463.

⁴⁴ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 463.

⁴⁵ ANC, ibid., XL, 852. [Editor’s Note: The author is showing that New Granada was fluctuating between being a viceroyalty and a captaincy general.]

⁴⁶ ANC, ibid., XLI, 102.

⁴⁷ ANC, ibid., XLI, 752.

⁴⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 550.

⁴⁹ Royal order of November 23, 1811. ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 695.

⁵⁰ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVII, 821.

⁵¹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 854.

⁵² ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 416.

⁵³ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 454.

⁵⁴ ANC, ibid., XL, 258.

⁵⁵ ANC, ibid., XL, 477.

⁵⁶ Royal order of August 23, 1814. ANC, ibid., XL, 829.

⁵⁷ November 19, 1814. ANC, ibid., XL, 876.

⁵⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 430.

⁵⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 415.

⁶⁰ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 472.

⁶¹ ANC, ibid., XL, 850.

⁶² ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVII, 901.

⁶³ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXX, 19.

⁶⁴ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 529v.

⁶⁵ ANC, ibid., XLI, 591.

⁶⁶ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXI, 70.

⁶⁷ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 924.

⁶⁸ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 972.

⁶⁹ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 76.

⁷⁰ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 608, 747, 97, 110; XXXI, 385.

⁷¹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 300.

⁷² ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 46.

⁷³ ANC, ibid., XLII, 340.

⁷⁴ ANC, ibid., XLII, 529.

⁷⁵ Royal Order of September 21, 1817. ANC, ibid., XLII, 425.

⁷⁶ ANC, ibid., XLI, 649v.

⁷⁷ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 888. [Editor’s Note: The above paragraph, originally containing many more details, has been summarized by the translator.]

⁷⁸ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 629v.

⁷⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 264.

⁸⁰ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXI, 213.

⁸¹ ANC, ibid., XXI, 346. [Translator’s Note: I have taken the liberty of shortening and summarizing five paragraphs of the original into the above paragraph.]

⁸² ANC, ibid., XXI, 354. August 19, 1812.

⁸³ ANC, ibid., XXI, 325.

⁸⁴ ANC, ibid., XXI, 364.

⁸⁵ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXI, 429.

⁸⁶ ANC, ibid., XXIII, 831.

⁸⁷ ANC, ibid., XXI, 401.

⁸⁸ ANC, ibid., XXI, 392.

⁸⁹ ANC, ibid., XXIV, 87.

⁹⁰ ANC, ibid., XXI, 335.

⁹¹ ANC, ibid., XXI, 418. [Translator’s Note: The text was summarized here and shortened considerably.]

⁹² ANC, ibid., XXI, 455.

⁹³ ANC, ibid., XXI, 467.

⁹⁴ ANC, ibid., XXI, 373.

⁹⁵ ANC, ibid., XXI, 469.

⁹⁶ ANC, ibid., XXI, 372. [Translator’s Note: A shortened version of the original paragraph is given here.]

⁹⁷ ANC, ibid., XXI, 609.

⁹⁸ Royal Order of February 3, 1813. ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 168.

⁹⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXI, 338.

¹⁰⁰ ANC, ibid., XXV, 456.

¹⁰¹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 422.

¹⁰² ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIV, 4.

¹⁰³ ANC, ibid., XXIV, 192.

¹⁰⁴ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 853.

¹⁰⁵ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXV, 650.

¹⁰⁶ ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, V, 798.

¹⁰⁷ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 578.

¹⁰⁸ ANC, ibid., XLI, 557v.

¹⁰⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXVI, 810. Italics are the author’s.

¹¹⁰ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 585.

¹¹¹ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 586.

¹¹² ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 597.

¹¹³ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 601.

¹¹⁴ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 737 f.

¹¹⁵ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 742.

¹¹⁶ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 739.

¹¹⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 234.

¹¹⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 320.

¹¹⁹ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 494.

¹²⁰ ANC, ibid., XL, 173.

¹²¹ ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 480; Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 824.

¹²² ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 598.

¹²³ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 587.

¹²⁴ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 603.

¹²⁵ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 632. The same disposition was adopted in another order of the same date regarding D. Benito Jurado, ensign of the grenadiers of the auxiliary regiment of New Granada. ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 633.

¹²⁶ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 636.

¹²⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 638. Royal order dated September 20, 1811.

¹²⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 709.

¹²⁹ ANC, ibid., XL, 259, 690.

¹³⁰ ANC, ibid., XL, 782.

¹³¹ ANC, ibid, XL, 849.

¹³² ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 233.

¹³³ ANC, ibid., XL, 702.

¹³⁴ ANC, ibid., XL, 703, 701.

¹³⁵ ANC, ibid. XL, 900.

¹³⁶ ANC, ibid., XLII, 103.

¹³⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 560.

¹³⁸ ANC, Virreyes, VII, 28.

¹³⁹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 811

¹⁴⁰ ANC, ibid., XLI, 558.

¹⁴¹ ANC, ibid., XLII, 334.

¹⁴² ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 460.

¹⁴³ ANC, ibid., XLI, 737.

¹⁴⁴ ANC, ibid., XLI, 717.

¹⁴⁵ ANC, ibid., XLII, 302. For more information on the “incident of the flowerpot” and its significance, see Posada, Eduardo, El 20 de fulio (Bogotá, 1914)Google Scholar [Biblioteca de Historia Nacional, Vol. XIII].

¹⁴⁶ ANC, ibid., XLII, 465.

¹⁴⁷ See for example, Nuevos aspectos del siglo XVIII español en America (Bogotá, 1947) and Las instituciones del Nuevo Reino de Granada al tiempo de la independencia (Bogotá, 1952).

¹⁴⁸ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXII, 168: “Tomar Estanquillos” would mean to become an employee or operator of a government monopoly and thereby to become ineligible for municipal posts.

¹⁴⁹ ANC, ibid., XXXI, 366.

¹⁵⁰ ANC, ibid., XXVIII, 427.

¹⁵¹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 670.

¹⁵² ANC, ibid., XL, 858.

¹⁵³ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 15.

¹⁵⁴ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 145.

¹⁵⁵ ANC, ibid., XXXIII, 55.

¹⁵⁶ ANC, ibid., XXXIII, 184.

¹⁵⁷ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 517.

¹⁵⁸ ANC, ibid., XLII, 487.

¹⁵⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 639.

¹⁶⁰ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 650.

¹⁶¹ ANC, ibid., XXX, 232.

¹⁶² ANC, ibid., XXX, 261.

¹⁶³ ANC, ibid., XXX, 273.

¹⁶⁴ ANC, ibid., XXXI, 963.

¹⁶⁵ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 1054.

¹⁶⁶ ANC, ibid., XXX, 1.

¹⁶⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXI, 530.

¹⁶⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXIV, 623.

¹⁶⁹ ANC, ibid., XXXV, 838.

¹⁷⁰ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 554.

¹⁷¹ Royal order of March 16, 1812. ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 205.

¹⁷² ANC, ibid., XL, 687.

¹⁷³ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 94.

¹⁷⁴ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 153 f.

¹⁷⁵ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 186.

¹⁷⁶ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 567.

¹⁷⁷ ANC, ibid., XLI, 550.

¹⁷⁸ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 368.

¹⁷⁹ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 215.

¹⁸⁰ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 209.

¹⁸¹ ANC, ibid., XXIII, 425.

¹⁸² ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 822.

¹⁸³ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 181.

¹⁸⁴ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 799.

¹⁸⁵ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 290.

¹⁸⁶ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 289, 40.

¹⁸⁷ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 196.

¹⁸⁸ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 218.

¹⁸⁹ ANC, ibid., LII, 113.

¹⁹⁰ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 559.

¹⁹¹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXIX, 465.

¹⁹² ANC, ibid., XLI, 801.

¹⁹³ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 434.

¹⁹⁴ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 277.

¹⁹⁵ ANC, ibid., XXIII, 430.

¹⁹⁶ ANC, ibid., XXIV, 107. This petition had to be made again on April 28, 1815, since the 1813 request had not arrived at its destination.

¹⁹⁷ ANC, ibid., XXIV. 207.

¹⁹⁸ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 676.

¹⁹⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 35.

²⁰⁰ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 59.

²⁰¹ ANC, ibid., XXX, 360.

²⁰² ANC, ibid., XXXI, 441.

²⁰³ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 172.

²⁰⁴ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 566.

²⁰⁵ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 142.

²⁰⁶ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 228.

²⁰⁷ ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XVIII, 528.

²⁰⁸ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIH, 651.

²⁰⁹ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 735.

²¹⁰ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 200.

²¹¹ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 398, 487.

²¹² ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 258.

²¹³ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XL, 431.

²¹⁴ ANC, ibid., XL, 716.

²¹⁵ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXVIII, 509.

²¹⁶ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 226. [The author does not mention the outcome of this request.]

²¹⁷ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXV, 129.

²¹⁸ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 666v.

²¹⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 317.

²²⁰ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVII, 404.

²²¹ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 541.

²²² ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 143.

²²³ ANC, ibid., XXXIX, 585.

²²⁴ ANC, ibid., XL, 671.

²²⁵ ANC, ibid., XL, 843.

²²⁶ ANC, ibid., XL, 844.

²²⁷ ANC, ibid., XLI, 135.

²²⁸ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIII, 427, 470.

²²⁹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 234.

²³⁰ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXX, 16.

²³¹ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 20.

²³² ANC, ibid., XXIX, 50.

²³³ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 106.

²³⁴ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 106.

²³⁵ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 372.

²³⁶ ANC, ibid., XLII, 636.

²³⁷ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXIX, 147.

²³⁸ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 149.

²³⁹ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 152.

²⁴⁰ ANC, ibid., XXIX, 216.

²⁴¹ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLI, 626v.

²⁴² ANC, ibid., XLII, 485, 648.

²⁴³ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXII, 204.

²⁴⁴ ANC, ibid., XXXII, 259.

²⁴⁵ ANC, ibid., XXXI, 899.

²⁴⁶ ANC, ibid., XXXI, 1023.

²⁴⁷ ANC, ibid., XXXI, 1042.

²⁴⁸ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XLII, 721.

²⁴⁹ ANC, Gobierno civil, XXXV, 803.

²⁵⁰ ANC, Reales cédulas y ordenes, XXXVIII, 594.

²⁵¹ ANC, ibid., XXXVIII, 692.

²⁵² ANC, ibid., XLII, 415.

²⁵³ ANC, Miscelánea de la colonia, XCI, 497.

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The Impact of the Wars of Independence on the Institutional Life of the New Kingdom of Granada

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