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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
Some twenty years after cortés consolidated the Conquest, New Spain experienced its most serious Indian uprising. This was the Mixtón War, which flared up unexpectedly in New Galicia during the rule of Mexico’s first and very celebrated Viceroy, Antonio de Mendoza. The immediate cause of the insurrection was the relapse into paganism of the chieftains of those tribes inhabiting the area surrounding Tlaltenango, situated inconveniently close to Guadalajara. Here the obnoxious rites of the pre-Conquest religions were suddenly re-established, and, before the Imperial Government at Mexico City awakened to the extent of this threat to the general peace, large numbers of tribesmen had been drawn into the dismaying retrogression and commenced violent aggressions against the colonists and the friendly Christian Indians of that section.
The present article forms a chapter of the author’s forthcoming book, Below the Rio Grande. Shrines and Devotions of Mexico and Middle America, scheduled for fall publication by The Academy Library Guild, Fresno, California.
1 The Mixtón War may have been inspired by the old resentment of Nuño de Guzman’s tyranny toward this populace originally subdued by him. However, Cortés—perhaps prejudiced in this instance—blamed Mendoza, whom he accused of having aggravated the chiefs by his seizure of men and supplies from this impoverished area for the expeditions of discovery sponsored by the viceroy. Meanwhile, Mendoza attributed the rebellion to the incitement of the Chichimecas by medicine men of the still unreduced tribes of Tepic and Zacatecas and to “the devil’s persuasion” that they need not submit to the monogamy insisted upon by the frailes.
2 Magner, James A., Men of Mexico (Milwaukee, 1942), p. 164 Google Scholar. Popenoe, Dorothy H. (Santiago de los Caballeros de Guatemala [Cambridge, 1933], p. 21)Google Scholar says June 29. V. Kelsey, and L. Osborne, (Four Keys to Guatemala [New York, 1943], p. 130)Google Scholar uphold July 4, while mentioning that early writers maintained June 29 to be the date of Alvarado’s demise.
3 Ana, Higinio Vaásquez Santa and Vidales, Salvador Ortiz, Imágenes Célebres de Mexico (Mexico, 1950), p. 48 Google Scholar.
4 Legal holder of Indians benefiting by their labor or tribute in return for their provision and Christian instruction.
5 Basave, Luis del Refugio de Palacio O.F.M., Breve Historia de Nuestra Señora de Zapopan (Guadalajara, 1950)Google Scholar.
6 Zodiaco Mariano (Colegio de San Ildefonso, Spain, 1755).
7 Palacio Basave, op. cit., pp. 3–4.
8 Ibid., p. 4.
9 Juan Ruíz Colmenero, bishop of Guadalajara, who furthered devotion to Nuestra Señora de San Juan de los Lagos.
10 Palacio Basave, op. cit., p. 4.
11 “hacían palio,” ibid., p. 8.
12 Mule-train drivers.
13 Raw corrosive sublimate.
14 Cited together with many more by Palacio Basave, op. cit., pp. 7–11.
15 For a complete list of miracles attested to by the second and third Informaciones, see Palacios Basave, op. cit., pp. 12–19.
16 Bell ringer.
17 Ramillete de Flores Marianas (Mexico, 1946), p. 133.
18 Palacio Basave, op. cit., pp. 26–27.
19 Another great benefactor of the college was Bishop Juan Cruz de Cabanas.
20 Palacio Basave, op. cit., p. 29.
21 Ibid., pp. 29–30.