Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 February 2015
In the last two decades, private entrepreneurship has emerged as an important research area in the field of Adantic history. Various studies have clearly shown the role played by private business in the making of the early modern Adantic economy. Initially, private entrepreneurship was studied separately from imperial entities and did not contemplate activities encompassing several European empires. Recently, however, scholars have started to look into private engagement in various branches of the Adantic colonial trade, broadening our understanding of when and how private business operated simultaneously in different colonial settings. The works of Schnurmann, Studnicki-Gizbert, Ebert, Trivellato, and Antunes are some of the most important contributions.
I would like to thank Picter Emmer (Leiden University) for reading and commenting on earlier versions of this article. I am also grateful to Cátia Antunes (Leiden University), who has given great support to my research in the Municipal Archive of Amsterdam. Finally, I would like to acknowledge the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Tech-nology for the financial support which has made this research possible.
1. This article is an extended version of a paper presented at the 123rd annual meeting of the American Historical Association (New York, January 2-5, 2009) in the panel Weaving the Webs of Empire: Connections and Confrontations in the Early Modern World, organized by the Forum on European Expansion and Global Interaction. The materials presented here are also partially integrated into my Ph.D. dissertation, titled “The Dutch and the Portuguese in West Africa: Empire Building and Atlantic System: 1580–1674,” defended at Leiden University in June 2009 (in press with Brill Publishers, Atlantic World Series).
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61. Costa, Imperios, p. 79.
62. GAA, Not. Arch., 125/27v-28v: April 27, 1611; Not. Arch., 124/131-131v: August 5, 1611.
63. Antunes, Globalisation, pp. 91–140.
64. Costa, O transporte, pp. 537-559.
65. GAA, Not. Arch., 2757A/153: April 9, 1661; Not. Arch., 2757A/149: April 9, 1661.
66. GAA, Not. Arch., 420/536: December 20, 1639; Not. Arch., 1690/599: April 16, 1648.
67. GAA, Not. Arch., 2757A/153: April 9, 1661; Not. Arch., 2757A/149: April 9, 1661.
68. GAA, Not. Arch., 2118: August 1, 1657.
69. GAA, Not. Arch., 1996A/113: April 28, 1663; Not. Arch., 322/675-699: April 27, 1675; Not. Arch., 3221/695: April 27, 1675.
70. GAA, Nor. Arch., 1115/17v: October 5, 1655.
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