No CrossRef data available.
Article contents
The Catholic Historian in Nineteenth Century Chile
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 December 2015
Extract
Church-State relations in nineteenth century Chile remained relatively calm when compared with tempestuous events occuring in Mexico during the War of the Reform. While tempers flared in both nations when the rights of the Church in a secular society were discussed, the problem was resolved in Chile without bloodshed or violence. The question of the economic power of the Church had already been settled by 1830, as the financial genius of the new Republic, Manuel Rengifo, urged that all lands that had been confiscated by Bernardo O’Higgins in 1824 be returned to the original owners. Despite a well-intentioned belief that Church ownership of land was smothering the economic development of the new nation, the expropriation of these lands failed to produce any dramatic change. While the Treasury received 226, 442 pesos for the sale and rental of these lands, the government was forced to spend 181,297 pesos from 1824 to 1830 in order to finance religious affairs and pay the congregations for the expropriation of their lands. After the Conservative victory at Lircay in 1830 the lands were returned to the Church, providing considerable relief for the heavily burdened state treasury. The minor importance of Church property to the Chilean economy was symbolized by the relative ease of the confiscation and return of the lands, while similar attempts in Mexico unleashed civil war.
- Type
- Research Article
- Information
- Copyright
- Copyright © Academy of American Franciscan History 1977
References
1 Encina, Francisco A., Historia de Chile (1948), T. X., , pp. 558–9 Google Scholar. All works are published in Santiago, Chile unless otherwise noted.
2 Mecham, J. Lloyd, Church and State in Latin America (Chapel Hill, 1934), pp. 252–3.Google Scholar
3 Galdames, Luis, A History of Chile, transl. Cox, I. J. (New York, 1941), pp. 294–5 Google Scholar. See also: Donoso, Ricardo, Las ideas políticas en Chile (Mexico City, 1967), p. 182.Google Scholar
4 Arana, Diego Barros, Historia general de Chile (1884-1902), T. I., , p. 274.Google Scholar
5 Amunátegui, Miguel Luis, Los precursores de la independencia de Chile (1870-2)Google Scholar.
6 Arana, Barros, Historia general, T. II, p. 231.Google Scholar
7 Arana, Barros, “Riquezas de los antiguos Jesuitas en Chile,” Revista de Santiago (1872)Google Scholar, and, Amunátegui, “El Templo de la Compañía de Jesús en Santiago de Chile,” Revista de Santiago, 15 May 1872.
8 María, Domingo Santa, Vida de Don José Miguel infante (1856)Google Scholar.
9 Amunátegui, , La encíclica del Papa León XII contra la independencia de América (1874)Google Scholar.
10 See: Mackenna, Benjamín Vicuña, Francisco Moyen o lo que fué la inquisición en América (1895)Google Scholar.
11 El Museo (1853), Nos. 23 & 28, and, Revista Católica, 20 November; 10, 24 December 1853.
12 La República, 14 January 1869.
13 Eyzaguirre, Jaime, “Una controversia sobre la religiosidad de O’Higgins,” Boletín de la Academia Chilena de Historia, (1942), T. II, pp. 75–80.Google Scholar
14 Revista Católica, 1 February 1869.
15 Errátzuriz, Crescente in El Estandarte Católico, 10 March 1877.Google Scholar
16 See: Molina, Juan Ignacio, The Geographical, Natural, and Civil History of Chile (London, 1808)Google Scholar, and, Ovalle, Alonso de, Histórica relación del Reino de Chile (1969)Google Scholar.
17 For the traditional Catholic philosophy of history, see: Casanova, Mariano, “Filosofía de la historia bajo el punto de vista católico,” Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1860), pp. 332–53 Google Scholar, and the speech of Francisco Vargas Fontecilla on 12 July 1852, reprinted in ibid.
18 El Estandarte Católico, 10 March 1877.
19 Lastarria, José Victorino, Investigaciones sobre la influencia social de la conquista i del sistema colonial de los españoles en Chile. Obras completas (1909), T. VII Google Scholar, Ch. 8.
20 Cruz, Domingo B., El Illmo. Sr. Don José Hipólito Salas (1921)Google Scholar, Ch. 7.
21 Bello, Andrés, Obras completas (1884), T. VII, pp. 151–5.Google Scholar
22 El Progreso, 30 November 1848.
23 Revista de Santiago (1848), T. II.
24 See: Korth, Eugene H. S. J., Spanish Policy in Colonial Chile (Stanford, 1968), p. 122.Google Scholar
25 Salas, , Memoria, Ch. I, pp. 19,43-6.Google Scholar
26 For a brief summary of the life of Luis de Valdivia, see: Egaña, Antonio de S. J., Historia de la Ig’esia en la América Española (Madrid, 1966), T. II, pp. 231–5.Google Scholar
27 Salas, , Memoria, p. 91. Google Scholar
28 Ibid., p. 92.
29 Korth, , Spanish Policy, pp. 123–37.Google Scholar
30 Salas, , Memoria, p. 94.Google Scholar
31 Eyzaguirre, José Ignacio Victor, Historia eclesiástica, política, i literaria de Chile (Valparaíso, 1850)Google Scholar, Ch. “Antecedentes.”
32 Cruz, Guillermo Feliú, Barros Arana, Historiador (1959), T. V, p. 133 Google Scholar, and, Cotapos, Carlos Silva, “Eyzaguirre,” Anales de la Universidad de Chile (1918), T. CXLII, p. 316.Google Scholar
33 Mitre, Bartolomé, “Introducción,” in Eyzaguirre, , Historia, p. XXV.Google Scholar
34 Cotapos, , “Eyzaguirre,” p. 317.Google Scholar
35 Eyzaguirre, , Historia, p. 32.Google Scholar
36 Ibid., T.I,Ch.4.
37 La Tribuna, 19, 22 April 1851.
38 Part of this critique is personal, see: Feliú Cruz, , Barros Arana, T. V, pp. 130–2.Google Scholar
39 Ibid., p. 134.
40 Cruz, Feliú, Historiografía colonial de Chile (1959), T. I, p. 114.Google Scholar
41 Cotapos, , “Eyzaguirre,” pp. 338–41.Google Scholar
42 Ibid., p. 341.
43 Valdivieso, Rafael Valentín, Obras científicas i literarias (1902), T. II, p. 351.Google Scholar
44 Fondos varios, Archivo Nacional, Santiago, Chile, T. 254 Google Scholar, pz. 33a.
45 Eyzaguirre, Historia, Ch. “Antecedentes”. See article by Ramón Valentín García.
46 Reprinted in Cruz, Feliú, Historiografía, p. 62.Google Scholar
47 Valdivieso, , Obras, T. II, p. 353.Google Scholar
48 Amunátegui, , Descubrimiento i conquista de Chile (1856)Google Scholar.
49 For biographical studies, see: Errázuriz, Crescente, Algo de lo que he visto (1934);Google Scholar Bravo, Fidel Araneda, El Arzobispo Errázuriz y la evolución política i social de Chile (1956);Google Scholar Galdames, Luis, “Crescente Errázuriz como historiador,” Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografía (1932), T. VI, p. 22ff.;Google Scholar Ojeda, Tomás Thayer, Discurso leído en la Academia Chilena y contestación de Don Domingo Amunátegui Solar (1834).Google Scholar
50 Revista Católica (1874), p. 587;Google Scholar El Progreso, 28 April 1845.Google Scholar
51 Bravo, Araneda, Errázuriz, p. 50 Google Scholar.
52 Ibid. See also: Errázuriz, Crescente, “El periódico católico,” Revista Católica, 31 August 1872.Google Scholar
53 Bravo, Araneda, Errázuriz, pp. 94–5.Google Scholar
54 Errázuriz, Crescente, Los oríjenes de la iglesia chilena (1873), pp. 16–7.Google Scholar
55 Amunátegui, , Precursores, T, I.Google Scholar
56 Errázuriz, , Oríjenes, pp. 13,24.Google Scholar
57 Donoso, A., Recuerdos, p. 237.Google Scholar
58 See Crescente Errázuriz articles in El Estandarte Católico, 27 December 1875, and, 24 June 1876. See also: Cristian, Zegers A., Aníbal Pinto (1969), pp. 7–14.Google Scholar
59 Amunátegui, , “Los oríjenes de la iglesia chilena,” Sud-América (1873)Google Scholar, Article 1.
60 Errázuriz, , Oríjenes, p. 21 Google Scholar. See also: Toro, Gaspar, “Los precursores de la independencia de Chile,” Revista de Santiago (1872), pp. 189–9 Google Scholar. He suggested that Amunátegui was the “abogado de la historia.”
61 Amunátegui, “Los oríjenes,” Article 1.
62 Errázuriz, “Los oríjenes de la iglesia chilena i el Sr. Amunátegui,” La Estrella de Chile, 27 July 1873. See also: 10, 31 August 1873 and 5 April 1874.
63 Ibid., 10 August 1873.
64 Amunátegui, La crónica de 1810 (1876). The Errázuriz articles are reprinted Revista Chilena de Historia y Geografía, T. I, pp. 372, 559; T. II, pp. 101, 361; T. III, p. 34; T. IV, p. 45; T. V, p. 20; T. VI, p. 5; T. VII, p. 121.
65 Errázuriz articles: El Estandarte Católico, 4, 11 December 1875; 21–2 November, 6, 14, 16, 23 December 1876; and, 6 January, 10–15 March, 27–8, 30 April, and, 1–3, 12 May 1877. Zoilo Villalón articles: 19–22 February, 16–21, 23–4 April, and, 6–11 May 1877.
66 Korth, , Spanish Policy, pp. 125–6.Google Scholar
67 El Estandarte Católico, 14 December 1876.
68 Ibid., 6 December 1876.
69 Ibid., 19 February 1877.
70 Errázuriz, , Algo, p. 210.Google Scholar
71 El Estandarte Católico, 10 March 1877.
72 Encina, , Historia de Chile, T. XII, pp. 376–82.Google Scholar
73 Bravo, Araneda, Errázuriz, p. 105.Google Scholar