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Free Europe Versus Russia, 1830–18541

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 January 2017

Oscar J. Hammen
Oscar J. Hammen*
Affiliation:
Montana State University
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Extract

The Recent Publication of Journey for Our Time; the Journals of the Marquis de Custine, has served the purpose of reawakening interest in the conflict between East and West which existed a century ago. In some respects, a comparison with the present “cold war” is in place. Thus Lieutenant General Walter Bedell Smith, in the introduction, points to certain similarities in the status of the Tsarist Empire around 1839, as reported by de Custine, and the Russia of our times.

Separately considered, the journals of the Marquis de Custine perhaps give an impression of uniqueness which is not warranted. The French nobleman was not the first in his own generation to point to a supposed Russian threat. Nor was he an isolated prophet in a wilderness, calling for some sort of European unity or alliance against the Muscovite menace, personified in the glacial figure of the Russian autocrat, Nicholas I.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Slavic and East European Review , Volume 11 , Issue 1 , February 1952 , pp. 27 - 41
Copyright
Copyright © Association for Slavic, East European, and Eurasian Studies 1952

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Footnotes

1

The author wishes to acknowledge a debt to the Social Science Research Council. A Grant-in-Aid from the latter helped greatly in making possible the completion of research for a history of Europe, 1830–1850, This article represents a small segment of the information gathered on the period.

References

2 Edited and translated from the French by Phyllis Penn Kohler (New York, 1950).

3 R.|Bremner, Excursions in the Interior of Rzissia; including Sketches of the Character and Policy of the Emperor Nicholas, Scenes in St. Petersburg, (2 vols., London, 1939), I, v.Google Scholar

4 Fournier, Marc, Russie, Allemagne et France; révélation sur la politique Russe, d'apres les notes d'un vieux diplomate (Paris, 1844), pp. 5–6 Google Scholar.

5 British Diplomacy and Turkish Independence. With a View of the Continental Policy Required by British Interests (London, 1838), pp. 32–50 Google Scholar.

6 Girardin, Saint Marc, Notices politiques et litteraires sur L'Allemagne (Brussels, 1835), p. xvii Google Scholar.

7 Fournier, op. cit., p. 76.

8 Zando, A., La Russie en 1850, tr. from the German by the author (Paris, 1853), pp. 104–5Google Scholar.

9 Ibid., 13–14.

10 Paul, R. B., Journal of a Tour to Moscow in the Summer of 1836 (London, 1836), p. 9.Google Scholar

11 Bremner, II, 404–8.

12 Neue Rheinische Zeitung, July 12, 1848; August 20, 1848.

13 Girardin, , Notices politiques, pp. xix-xxi.Google Scholar

14 Fournier, op. cit., pp. 118–20.

15 von Raumer, F. L. G., England im Jahre 1835 (2 vols., Leipzig, 1936), I, 108–9.Google Scholar

16 Quinet, Edgar, “1815 et 1840,” in France et Allemagne, ed. by Cestre, C. (Oxford, 1908), pp. 156–59.Google Scholar

17 Hugo, Victor, Le Rhin (Paris, 1843), III, 199–203, 211Google Scholar.

18 Le Bas, P., États de la confédération germanique pour faire suite à l'histoire générale de L'Allemagne (Paris, 1842), pp. 75–76.Google Scholar

19 Armand Lefebvre, “De la politique de la France dans les affaires D'Orient,” Revue des deux mondes, fourth series, XV (1838), 317. See also Lefebvre, “Mahmoud et Mehemet Ali,” Revue des deux mondes, fourth series, XVIII (1939).

Immediately after 1840 a number of works appeared which pointed to the national advantages of an alliance with Russia. See De la Russie et de la France, entretiens politiques par un inconnu (Paris, 1842); Quesnet, E. and de Santeul, A., France et Russie (Paris, 1843)Google Scholar; Chaussenat, S., La France et la Russie (Paris, 1843).Google Scholar