Those who study the concept of representation are undoubt- edly familiar with the 1963 study by Warren Miller and Donald Stokes ("Constituency Influence in Congress," Amer- ican Political Science Review 57 [March 1963]: 45­56), which had a profound effect on scholars' understanding of the relationship or "congruence" between representatives and constituents. Others (see Sidney Verba and Norman H. Nie, Participation in America: Political Democracy and Social Equality, 1972; Heinz Eulau and Paul D. Karps, "The Puzzle of Representation: Specifying Components of Responsive- ness," in Heinz Eulau and John C. Wahlk, eds., The Politics of Representation, 1978) have made their own distinguished contributions by venturing to conceptualize and measure representation in an effort to further our understanding of the relationship between the representative and the repre- sented. In the same mode, this collection of articles contrib- utes to the study of the mass-elite relationship by providing a variety of approaches, methods, and measures to broaden the literature.