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Permanent Advisory Committees to the British Government Departments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 September 2013

John A. Perkins
Affiliation:
University of Michigan

Extract

A significant development in British government since the turn of the century is the permanent advisory committees to the British executive departments. Writing in 1926, Professor John A. Fairlie stated: “Detailed information as to the operation of such advisory committees is not available; but the multiplication of such bodies in recent years is an indication that they have been found useful.” At the time when this statement was written, there were 60 permanent advisory committees. In the subsequent 13 years, 37 additional ones have been established, making a total of 97 at the present time. This continued multiplication, and the extensive use of such committees made by the departments, indicates that they fill an imperative need in British government by providing expert advice. Likewise, they serve to protect the public interest, because they furnish an adequate safeguard for the public against a bureaucracy whose powers are increasing as the expansion of governmental functions continues.

Type
Foreign Government and Politics
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1940

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References

1 “Advisory Committees in British Administration,” in this Review, Vol. 20, pp. 813–822 (Nov., 1926).

2 The following list comprises the bulk of committees in existence today, with the dates of their creation:

Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries

  • Small Holdings and Allotments Advisory Committees, 1907

  • Advisory Council for Agricultural Education, 1913

  • Consultative Councils to the Forestry Commission, 1919

  • Agricultural Advisory Council, 1919

  • Council of Agriculture for England, 1919

  • Council of Agriculture for Wales, 1919

  • Fertilizer and Feeding Stuffs Committee, 1919; 1926

  • Committee to Advise on Grants to Unemployed Persons, 1919

  • Market Supply Committee, 1919

  • Sea Fish Commission, 1919

  • Cattle Committee, 1919; 1934

  • County Agricultural Committees, 1919

  • Committee on Agricultural Credit, 1922

  • County Agricultural Wages Committee, 1924

  • Agricultural Wages Board, 1924

  • Agricultural Land Utilization Advisory Committee, 1931

  • Consumers' Committees and Committee of Investigation under Agricultural Marketing Schemes, 1931

  • Advisory Committee to the Sugar Commission, 1936

  • Land Fertility Committee, 1937

  • Livestock Advisory Committee, 1937

  • Slaughter House Schemes Advisory Committee, 1937

  • Livestock Market Orders Advisory Committee, 1937

  • Whitefish Industry Joint Council, 1938

  • Herring Industry Advisory Council, 1938

  • Bacon Curers' Advisory Committee, 1938

Air Ministry

  • Aëronautics Advisory Committee, 1909, replaced by Aëronautical Research Committee, 1920

Colonial Office

  • Advisory Committee on Tropical Diseases Research Fund, 1904

  • Colonial Survey Committee, 1905

  • Colonial Advisory Medical and Sanitary Committee, 1909

  • Colonial Research Committee, 1919

  • Advisory Committee on Native Education in the British Tropical African Dependencies, 1923

  • Advisory Committee on Social Hygiene, 1924

  • Board of Education

  • Education Consultative Committee, 1899; 1921

  • Advisory Committee on Grants to Universities and Colleges, 1911

  • Adult Education Committee, 1921

  • Advisory Committee on Freedom of Educational Films from Customs Duty, 1935

Ministry of Health

  • National Insurance Committees, 1911; 1924

  • Advisory Committee on Health Insurance

  • Consultative Councils, 1919

  • a. Medical and Allied Services

  • b. Local Health Administration

  • c. General Health Questions

  • d. Water Supplies

  • Therapeutic Substances Advisory Committee, 1925

  • Rural Housing Advisory Committee, 1931

  • Central Housing Advisory Committee, 1935

  • Medical Benefit Council for Northern Ireland, 1936

  • Advisory Committee on Tuberculosis Seamen, 1936

  • National Advisory Council for Physical Training and Recreation for England and Wales, 1937

Home Office

  • Council on Police Forces in England and Wales, 1919

  • Prison Education Committee

  • Advisory Committee on Street Collections, 1923

  • Probation and After-Care Advisory Committee

  • Poisons Board, 1933

  • Central Advisory Council for Fire Services, 1938

Ministry of Labor

  • National Advisory Council for Juvenile Employment for England and Wales

  • London Regional Advisory Council for Juvenile Employment

  • National Council for Juvenile Employment for Scotland

  • Advisory Committee on Unemployment Insurance, 1931

  • Local Advisory Committees to the Unemployment Assistance Board, 1934

  • Unemployment Insurance Statutory Commission, 1934; 1935

  • Central and Local Unemployment Insurance Committees, 1935

  • Local Employment Committees, 1935

Ministry of Pensions

  • Local Pensions Committees, 1908

Post Office

  • Post Office Advisory Council

Scottish Office

  • Consultative Councils to the Scottish Board of Health, 1919

  • Council of Agriculture, 1920

  • Education Advisory Council, 1920

  • Probation Committees, 1931

  • Housing Advisory Committee, 1935

  • Local Housing Advisory Board, 1935

  • Criminal Lunatic Asylum Advisory Committee, 1935

  • Records Advisory Council, 1937

  • National Advisory Council for Physical Training and Recreation, 1937

  • Scottish Central Advisory Council for Fire Services, 1938

Board of Trade

  • Advisory Council

  • Census of Production Advisory Committee, 1906

  • Advisory Committee on Merchant Shipping, 1906

  • Advisory Committee on Labor Exchanges, 1909

  • District Trade Committees, 1909

  • Advisory Committee on Pilotage, 1913

  • Advisory Committee for Coal and the Coal Industry, 1920

  • Advisory Committee for Metalliferous Mining and Quarrying Industry, 1920

  • Dyestuffs Industry Development Committee and Dyestuffs Licensing Advisory Committee of 1920 were amalgamated into Dyestuffs Advisory Committee, 1934

  • Advisory Committee on Overseas Trade of 1920, replaced by Advisory Committee on Export Guarantees, 1937

  • Importation of Plumage Advisory Committee, 1921

  • Safeguarding of Industries Committee, 1921

  • Advisory Committee on Merchandise Marks, 1926

  • Advisory Committee on Cinematograph Films, 1927, replaced by Cinematograph Films Council, 1938

  • National and District Coal Mines Committees of Investigation, 1930

  • Ships Replacement Committee, 1935

  • Tramp Shipping Subsidy Committee, 1935

  • Advisory Committee to the Cotton Spindles Board, 1936

Ministry of Transport

Advisory Committees from Panel of Experts, 1919

Rates Advisory Committee, 1919

Electricity Advisory Committee, 1919

Roads Advisory Committee, 1919, replaced by Transport Advisory Council, 1933

Tramways Advisory Committee, 1920

London and Home Counties Traffic Advisory Committee, 1924; 1933 Treasury

Advisory Committee to the Development Commissioners, 1909

Import Duties Advisory Committee, 1932

3 How Britain Is Governed (New York, 1933), p. 64.

4 Grammar of Politics (New Haven, 1925), p. 384.

5 25 and 26 Geo. 5, c. 32.

6 The Transport Advisory Council (23 and 24 Geo. 5, c. 53) serves as an example. The Council gives advice and assistance to the Minister of Transport in relation to the means and facilities of transport. The composition of the advisory council reflects precisely the group of people “for whose benefit the service is rendered,” i.e., local authorities, users of mechanically propelled vehicles, users of horse drawn vehicles, pedestrians, pedal cyclists, representatives of railways, canals, coastwise shipping, and harbors and docks; also labor and trading interests, and agriculture. Each of these groups is enabled through the medium of the advisory council to bring its special opinion on services like roads, railways, and canals to bear on the Ministry of Transport which administers them.

7 10 and 11 Geo. 5, c. 77.

8 For an extended list of possible uses of local advisory committees, see Laski, , Grammar of Politics, p. 384.Google Scholar

9 Other advisory bodies which illustrate this devolution are: County Agricultural Wages Committee, 14 and 15 Geo. 5, c. 37, s. 1; Local Unemployment Insurance Committees, 25 Geo. 5, c. 8, s. 67; Local Scottish Housing Advisory Boards, 25 and 26 Geo. 5, c. 41, s. 22; and Local Advisory Committees for Physical Training and Eecreation, 1 Ed. 8 and 1 Geo. 6, c. 46.

10 For a discussion of advisory committees in the field of social services, see Simey, T. S., Principles of Social Administration (London, 1937), pp. 8387.Google Scholar

11 16 and 17 Geo. S, c. 53.

12 Delegated Legislation (Cambridge, 1921), pp. 2–3.

13 23 and 24 Geo. 5, c. 25.

14 26 Geo. 5 and 1 Edw. 8, c. 21.

15 Laski, op. cit., p. 387.

16 16 and 17 Geo. 5, c. 53.

17 Ibid., s. 2, ss. (5).

18 Statutory Rules and Orders, 1935, Nos. 148, 149, 305, 519, 682, and 802.

19 9 and 10 Geo. 5, c. 50.

20 Ibid., s. 21, ss. (2)

21 Parl. Deb., Vol. 119 (1919), p. 1575.

22 22 and 23 Geo. 5, c. 8.

23 Parl. Deb., Vol. 261 (1931–32), p. 291 ff.

24 Ibid., p. 718.

25 For a hostile view of the Import Duties Advisory Committee, see Parl. Deb., Vol. 261 (1931–32), p. 303.

26 These statistics were compiled from the indexes to the Government Publications issued by His Majesty's Stationery Office for the years listed.

27 The Advisory Committee on Export Guarantees, 1 Edw. 8 and 1 Geo. 6, c. 61, and the Tramp Shipping Subsidy Advisory Committee, 21 and 22 Geo. 5, c. 39, are examples of committees which must be consulted by the minister before large subsidies can be disbursed.

28 21 and 22 Geo. 5, c. 39.

29 24 and 25 Geo. 5, c. 6.

30 10 and 11 Geo. 5, c. 77.

31 Parl. Papers, Cmd. 4411, Vol. XVI, 1932–33.

32 26 Geo. 5 and 1 Edw. 8, c. Al.

33 Laski, op. cit., p. 384.

34 Parl. Papera, Cmd. 554, Vol. XI, 1920.

35 Of the 10 lay experts on the Aeronautical Research Committee, two represent the aircraft industry, two the Imperial College, and one the Royal Aeronautical Society, and the other five members are men of outstanding scientific attainment in this field. Of the six official members, four are representatives of departments responsible for naval and military aeronautics and regulation of civil aerial transport; and two are from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. This same type of expert personnel is found in such technical bodies as the Poisons Board, 23 and 24 Geo. 5, c. 25, and the Therapeutic Substances Advisory Committee, 14 and 15 Geo. 5, c. 60.

36 1 and 2 Geo. 6, c. 17, s. 41.

37 Differentiation of Curricula between Sexes in Secondary Schools (His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1923).

38 Minute of the Board of Education, June 17, 1911.

39 25 and 26 Geo. 5, c. 32.

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