Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-03T01:52:26.528Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Modernization and Traditionality in a Multiethnic Society: The Soviet Case

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 June 1985

Ellen Jones  and
Fred W. Grupp
Ellen Jones
Affiliation:
Defense Intelligence Agency
Fred W. Grupp
Affiliation:
Central Intelligence Agency
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Exposure to modernizing institutions such as the school, factory, and city has been found to be associated with the breakdown in traditional values, beliefs, and behaviors in a wide variety of cultural settings. Socioeconomic change has had a similar impact on the late-modernizing Islamic minorities in the USSR. Although patriarchal attitudes and behaviors have persisted in some areas of family life, extensive shifts in family values and approved gender roles have occurred, particularly in the last two decades. These trends parallel those found in nonsocialist settings.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 79 , Issue 2 , June 1985 , pp. 474 - 490
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abbasov, A. A. Sovremennyy byt i kultura gornopromyshlennykh rabochikh Azerbaydzhana. Baku: Elm, 1980.Google Scholar
Abdullin, K. D. Study of the reproductive situation of married women in Kirgizia. Zdravookhraneniye Kirgizii, 1977, 5, 8–12.Google Scholar
Abdurakhimov, M. A. The role of moral duty in family-everyday ethics. In Sotsociologicheskiy sbornik. Makhachkala: Dagestanskiy Filal AN SSSR, 1970, pp. 117–135.Google Scholar
Abdusalamova, T. A. Female labor activity in Dagestan. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, 1981, 4, 140–143.Google Scholar
Akhmedov, A. Several results of a study of opinions of young women on the number of children in the family. Vestnik Statistiki, 1974, 8, 16–21.Google Scholar
Aliakberova, N. M. Analysis of contemporary fertility developments in Central Asia. In Regional‘nyye demograflcheskiye issledovaniya. Tashkent: Tashkent State University, 1978, pp. 18–26.Google Scholar
Aliakberova, N. M. Birthrate in the rural family. In Demografiya sem'i. Tashkent: Tashkent State University, 1980, pp. 14–26.Google Scholar
Aliakberova, N. M. Fertility trends in Central Asia. In Sotsial'noekonomicheskiye osobennosti vosproizvodstva naseleniya v usloviyakh razvitogo sotsializma (vol. 2). Kiev, 1976, pp. 134–136.Google Scholar
Armer, M. Education and social change: An examination of the modernity thesis. Studies in Comparative International Development, 1977, 12(3), 86–99. (a)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armer, M. Reply to Cohen and Till. American Sociological Review, 1977, 42(2), 378–382. (b)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armer, M. Review of education and individual modernity in developing countries. School Review, 1975, 85(1), 164–167.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armer, M., & Isaac, L. Determinants and behavioral consequences of psychological modernity: Empirical evidence from Costa Rica. American Sociological Review, 1978, 43, 316–334.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armer, M., & Schnaiberg, A. Measuring individual modernity: A near myth. American Sociological Review, 1972, 37, 301–316.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Armer, M., & Youtz, R. Formal education and individual modernity in an African society. American Journal of Sociology, 1971, 76, 604–626.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V. International and national-specific in the Soviet way of life. In Sotsialisticheskiy obraz zhizni i voprosy ideologicheskoy raboty. Moscow: Politizdat, 1977, pp. 244–246.Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V. National-regional variation in the Soviet village. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, 1980, 3, 78–81. (b)Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V. Opyt etnosotsiologicheskogo issledovaniya obraza zhizni. Po materialam moldavskoy SSR. Moscow: Nauka, 1980. (a)Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V. On several tendencies in a nation's cultural pattern. Sovetskaya Etnografiya, 1973, 4, 3–13. (b)Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, L. A. Several peculiarities of family planning in Armenia. In Adonts, M. A. & Davtyan, L. M. (Eds.), Materialy vsesoyuznoy nauchnoy konferentsii po problemam narodonaseleniya zakavkaz'ya. Yerevan: Scientific Research Institute of Economy and Planning, 1968, pp. 37–40.Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V. Sotsial'noye i natsional'noye. Opyt etnosotsiologicheskikh issledovaniy po materialam tatarskoy ASSR. Moscow: Nauka, 1973. (a)Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V., & Drobizheva, L. M. Ethnosociological research in the USSR. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, 1981, 1, 64–70.Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V., & Drobizheva, L. M. Soviet form of life: General and nationality-specific. Sovetskaya Etnografiya, 1976, 3, 10–21.Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V., & Kakhk, Yu. Sotsiologicheskiye ocherki o sovetskoy estonii. Tallin: Periodika, 1979.Google Scholar
Arutyunyan, Yu.V., & Mirhasilov, S. M. Ethnosociological research of culture and life in Uzbekistan. Obshchestvennyy nauki v Uzbekistane, 1979, 1, 36–41.Google Scholar
Attokurov, T. Sem'ya i kommunisticheskoye vospitaniye. Frunze: Kyrgyzstan, 1983.Google Scholar
Bacon, E. E. Central Asians under Russian rule: A study of culture change. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1980.Google Scholar
Bagozzi, R. P., & Van Loo, M. F. Decisionmaking and fertility: A theory of exchange in the family. In Burch, T. K. (Ed.). Demographic behavior: Interdisciplinary perspectives in decisionmaking. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1980.Google Scholar
Bahry, D. Political inequality and public policy among the Soviet republics. In Nelson, D. N. (Ed.). Communism and the politics of inequalities. Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, pp. 109–127.Google Scholar
Bahry, D. & Nechemias, C. Half full or half empty? The debate over Soviet regional equality. Slavic Review, 1981, 40(3), 366–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barron, D., & Yankelovich, D. Today's American woman: How the public sees her. Study prepared for the President's Advisory Committee for Women, 1980.Google Scholar
Belova, V., et al. Dynamics and differentiation of birthrate in the USSR. Vestnik Statistiki, 1983, 12, 14–24.Google Scholar
Bikzhanova, M. A. Sem'ya v kolkhozakh uzbekistana. Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk Uzbekskoy SSR, 1959.Google Scholar
Buriyeva, M. Family formation in rural Uzbekistan. In Lyudi v gorode i na sele. Moscow: Statistika, 1978, pp. 95–102.Google Scholar
Carrere d'Encausse, H. Decline of an empire. The Soviet Socialist Republics in revolt. Sokolowsky, M. & Farge, I. La (Trans.). New York: Newsweek Books, 1979.Google Scholar
Coale, A. J., Anderson, B., and Harm, E. Human fertility in Russia since the nineteenth century. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1979.Google Scholar
Coughenour, C. M., & Stephenson, J. B. Measures of individual modernity: Review and commentary. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 13(2), 81–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cunningham, I. The relationship between modernity of students in a Puerto Rican high school and their academic performance, peers, and parents. In Inkeles, A. & Holsinger, D. B. (Eds.). Education and individual modernity in developing countries. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974, pp. 47–88.Google Scholar
Darskiy, L.Ye., & Belova, V. A. Social-hygienic questions connected with marriage and childbirth in families. Zdravookhraneniye rossiyskoy federatsii, 1969, 3, 14–17.Google Scholar
Daykin, D. S., & Hertel, B. R. The bearing of urbanism and socioeconomic status on individual modernity in India. The Eastern Anthropologist, 1978, 31(4), 379–392.Google Scholar
Drobizheva, L. M. Dukhovnaya obshchnost narodov SSSR. Istoriko-sotsiologischeskiy ocherk mezhnational'nykh otnosheniy. Moscow: Mysl', 1981.Google Scholar
Drobizheva, L. M., & Tul'tseva, L. A. Marriage rituals in public opinion. Sovetskaya Etnografiya, 1982, 5, 33–40.Google Scholar
Dzhangishiyev, N.Kh. 1973. Social-hygenic characteristics of the birthrate in Leninskiy Rayon of Dagestan ASSR. Zdravookhraneniye rossiyskoy federatsii, 1973, 3, 16–19.Google Scholar
Dzhumagulov, A. Sem'ya i brak u kirgizov chuyskoy doliny. Frunze: AN Kirgizskoy SSR. Institut Istorii, 1960.Google Scholar
Gadirzade, G. I. Dynamics of average marital age of Azeris. Polevyye issledovaniya instituta etnografii. 1979. Moscow: Nauka, 1983, pp. 134–137.Google Scholar
Gadzhiyeva, S.Sh. et al. (Eds.). Sovremennaya kul'tura i byt narodov Dagestana. Moscow: Nauka, 1971.Google Scholar
Gantskaya, O. A. Ethnicity and family in the USSR. Sovetskaya Etnografiya, 1974, 3, 20–29.Google Scholar
Gantskaya, O. A. General tendencies of ethno-social development of marriage and family relations. In Sovremennyye etnicheskiye protsessy v SSSR (2nd ed.). Moscow: Nauka, 1977, pp. 433–460.Google Scholar
Ghazanfar, S. M. Individual modernity in relation to economic-demographic characteristics: Some evidence from Pakistan. Studies in Comparative International Development, 1980, 15, 37–53.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godwin, R. K. The relationship between scores on individual modernity scales and societal modernization. The Journal of Developing Areas, 1975, 9 (April), 415–432.Google Scholar
Golin, Ya.I. Birthrate in Dagestan. Zdravookhraneniye rossiyskoy federatsii, 1971, 12, 9–13.Google Scholar
Golin, Ya.I. Indicators of population reproduction in Dagestan ASSR. Zdravookhraneniye rossiyskoy federatsii, 1972, 10, 6–8.Google Scholar
Gough, H. G. Further validation of a measure of individual modernity. Journal of Personality Assessment, 1977, 41(1), 49–57.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guthrie, G. M. The psychology of modernization in the rural Philippines. Quezon City: Ateneo de Manila University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Hagen, E. E. Becoming modern: The dangers of research governed by preconception. History of Childhood Quarterly, 1975 (Winter), 411–421.Google Scholar
Holsinger, D. B. The elementary school as modernizer: A Brazilian study. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1975, 14(3), 180–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holsinger, D. B., & Thiesen, G. L. Education, individual modernity, and national development: A critical appraisal. Journal of Developing Areas, 1977, 11(3), 315–333.Google Scholar
Inkeles, A. Modernization and family patterns: A test of convergence theory. Conspectus of History, 1980, 1(5), 31–63.Google Scholar
Inkeles, A., & Smith, D. H. Becoming modern: Individual change in six developing countries. London: Heinemann Educational Books, 1974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E., & Grupp, F. W. Infant mortality trends in the Soviet Union. Population and Development Review, 1983, 9(2), 213–246.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E., & Grupp, F. W. Measuring nationality trends in the Soviet Union: A research note. Slavic Review, 1982, 41 (Spring), 112–122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E., & Grupp, F. W. Modernisation and ethnic equalisation in the USSR. Soviet Studies, 1984, 36(2), 159–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, E., & Grupp, F. W. Socio-cultural development and political stability in the Soviet multinational state. Presented at the Annual Meetings of the American Political Science Association, 1981.Google Scholar
Jones, P. A. Sociopsychological correlates of family traditionalism. In Anthony, E. & Chiland, C. (Eds.). Preventive child psychology in an age of transitions. New York: Wiley, 1980.Google Scholar
Kahl, J. The measurement of modernism: A study of values in Britain and Mexico. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1968.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karakeyeva, S. I. The experience of studying the cultural and life style of Kirgiz urban families. Polevyye issledovaniya instituta etnografii, 1977. Moscow: Nauka, 1979, pp. 149–156.Google Scholar
Katkova, I. Particularities of demographic behavior of families in the first years of marriage. Molodaya Sem'ya. Moscow: Statistika, 1977.Google Scholar
Katkova, I. Rozhdayemost' v molodykh sem'yakh. Moscow: Meditsina, 1971.Google Scholar
Katkova, I., & Mamatokhunova, A. Several aspects of the formation of contemporary large families. In Valentey, D. I. (Ed.). Demograficheskaya situatsiya v SSSR. Moscow: Statistika, 1976, pp. 81–89.Google Scholar
Kharchev, A. G. Brak i sem'ya v SSSR. Moscow: Mysl', 1979.Google Scholar
Khashimov, A.Kh. Formirovaniye novykh semeynobytovykh otnosheniy u narodov sredney azii. Dushanbe: Irfon, 1972.Google Scholar
Kislyakov, N. A. (Ed.). Kul'tura i byt Tadzhikskogo kolkhoznogo krestyanstva. Moscow: Izdatelstvo AN SSSR, 1954.Google Scholar
Klichyus, A. Several peculiarities of the lifestyles of families in small cities. In Gulyan, P. (Ed.). Sotsial'no-demograficheskiye issledovaniya sem'i v respublikakh sovetskoy pribaltiki. Riga: Zinatne, 1980, pp. 32–39.Google Scholar
Klineberg, S. L. Parents, schools and modernity: An exploratory investigation of sex differences in the attitudinal development of Tunisian adolescents. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1973, 24, 221–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, K., & Waisanen, F. B. Education, adoption of innovation and individual modernity. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1979, 20(3–4), 213–223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lobacheva, N. P. Formirovaniye novoy obryadnosti Uzbekov. Moscow: Nauka, 1975.Google Scholar
Lubin, N. Women in Soviet Central Asia: Progress and contradictions. Soviet Studies, 1981, 33(2), 182–203.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Luzbetak, L. J. Marriage and the family in Caucasia (Vol. 3). Vienna: St. Gabriells Mission Press, 1951.Google Scholar
Mamedov, K. V. Several methodological aspects of studying the impact of socio-economic factors on the reproductive functions of women. In Sotsial'noekonomicheskiye osobennosti vosproizvodstva naseleniya v usloviyakh razvitogo sotsializma (Vol. 2). Kiev, 1976, pp. 41–43.Google Scholar
Mason, K. O. U.S. women's sex role ideology. American Journal of Sociology, 1975, 80(5), 1212–1219.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, K. A., & Inkeles, A. Modernization and acceptance of family limitation in four developing countries. Journal of Social Issues, 1974, 30(4), 167–188.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mirkhasilov, S. M. Contemporary families of the rural population of Uzbekistan. Obshchestvennyye nauki v Uzbekistan, 1977, 4, 36–41.Google Scholar
Mirkhasilov, S. M. Social-cultural changes and their reflections in the contemporary family of the rural population of Uzbekistan. Sovetskaya Etnografiya, 1979, 1, 3–15. (a)Google Scholar
Mirkhasilov, S. M. On several tendencies in the development of contemporary families in Uzbekistan. Sotsiologicheskiye issledovaniya, 1979, 1, 121–123. (b)Google Scholar
Molodezh' i trud. Moscow: Molodaya Guardiya, 1970.Google Scholar
Mukherjee, B. N. The role of some modernity value orientations in fertility behavior. Indian Journal of Psychology, 1977, 52 (March), 1–84.Google Scholar
Nachmias, C., & Sadan, E. Individual modernity, schooling and economic performance of family farm operators in Israel. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1977, 75(3–4), 268–279.Google Scholar
Park, W. Modernity and views of education: A comparative study of three countries. Comparative Education Review, 1980, 1, 35–47.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, A. The factorial structure of modernity: Empirical replications and a critique. American Journal of Sociology, 79, 15–44. (b)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Portes, A. Modernity and development: A critique. Studies in Comparative International Development, 1973, 8(3), 247–279. (a)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rau, W. C. The tacit conventions of the modernity school: An analysis of key assumptions. American Sociological Review, 1980, 45, 244–260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, B. C., & La Raia, A. L. Modernity in women: An index of social change in Brazil. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1972, 34, 353–360.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosen, B. C., & Simmons, A. B. Industrialization, family, and fertility: A structural-psychological analysis of the Brazilian case. Demography, 1971, 8(1), 49–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rywkin, M. Moscow's Muslim challenge. Soviet Central Asia. London: M.E. Sharpe, 1982.Google Scholar
Sack, R. The impact of education on individual modernity in Tunisia. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1973, 14(3–4), 245–272.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sanday, P. Female status in the public domain. In Rosaldo, M. & Lamphere, L. (Eds.). Woman, culture, and society. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1974, pp. 189–206.Google Scholar
Scanzoni, J. H. Sex roles, life styles, and childbearing. New York: Free Press, 1975.Google Scholar
Shlindman, Sh., & Zvidrinish, P. Izucheniye rozhdayemosti. Moscow: Statistika, 1973.Google Scholar
Smirnova, Ya.S. Family and family life. In Gardanov, J. K. (Ed.). Kul'tura i byt narodov severnogo kavkaza. Moscow: Nauka, 1968.Google Scholar
Smock, A. C. The impact of modernization on women's position in the family in Ghana. In Schegal, A. (Ed.). Sexual stratification: A cross-cultural view. New York: Columbia University Press, 1977, pp. 192–214.Google Scholar
Stephenson, J. B. Is everyone going modern? A critique and a suggestion for measuring modernism. The American Journal of Sociology, 1968, 74, 265–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sukhareva, O. A., & Bikzhanova, M. A. Proshloye i nastoyashcheye seleniya aykyran. Opyt etnograficheskogo izucheniya kolkhoza im Stalina Chartakskogo rayona Namaganskoy oblasti. Tashkent: Izdatel'stvo AN Uzbekskoy SSR, 1955.Google Scholar
Sun, T. H., & Soong, Y. L. On its way to zero population growth: Fertility transition in Taiwan, Republic of China. Fertility Transition of the East Asian Populations. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii, 1979.Google Scholar
Sushanlo, M. Sem'ya isemeynyy byt Dungan. Frunze: Ilim, 1979.Google Scholar
Sutcliffe, C. R. The predictive power of measures of individual modernity: A critique of the paradigm of modernization. Comparative Political Studies, 1978, 11(1), 128–136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Suzman, R. M. Psychological modernity. International Journal of Comparative Sociology, 1973, 14(3–4), 273–287.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thornton, A., & Friedman, D. Change in the sex role attitudes of women, 1962–1977: Evidence from a panel study. American Sociological Review, 1979, 4(5), 831–842.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Titma, M.Kh. Sotsial'no-professional'naya orientatsiya molodezhi (Vol. 2). Tallin: Eesti raamat, 1982.Google Scholar
Titma, M.Kh. Vybor professii kak sotsial'naya problema. Moscow: Mysl', 1975.Google Scholar
Tobin, P. L. Conjugal role definitions, value of children, and contraceptive practice. The Sociological Quarterly, 1976, 17, 314–322.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trivedi, D. N. Causes of individual modernity: A study among railroad employees in India. Human Organization, 1977, 36(2), 150–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vagabov, M. V. Islam isem'ya. Moscow: Nauka, 1980.Google Scholar
Vagabov, M. V. Islam i zhenshchina. Moscow: Mysl', 1968.Google Scholar
Vishnevskiy, A. G., & Volkov, A. G. (Eds.). Vosproizvodstvo naseleniya SSSR. Moscow: Finansy i Statisika, 1983.Google Scholar
Vodzinskaya, V. V. On the social conditionality of choice of profession. Sotsial'nyye problemy truda i proizvodstva. Moscow: Mysl', 1969, pp. 39–61.Google Scholar
Weisner, T. S., & Abbott, S. Women, modernity, and stress: Three contrasting contexts for change in East Africa. Journal of Anthopological Research, 1977, 33(4), 421–451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yurkevich, N. G. Sovetskaya sem'ya. Minsk: Izdatelstvo BGU im V. I. Lenina, 1970.Google Scholar
Zhelokhovtseva, I. N., & Sviridova, L.Ye. To the question of realizing desired family size. Sovetskoye zdravookhraneniye, 1973, 4, 24–27.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.