¹ An illuminating critique of the agrarian doctrines of Marx and Engels will be found in a little book by Viktor Chernov, published in Moscow in 1906, entitled Marks I Engels O Krest'yanslve. Istoriko-Kriticheskii Ocherk. The author is the scholarly socialist opponent of Bolshevism, one of the leaders of the Socialist Revolutionary Party and the President of the Constituent Assembly which was dispersed by the Bolsheviks in January, 1918.

² The peasant or village commune which prevailed in a large part of Russia prior to the agricultural collectivization of the 1930's. Under this system of land tenure, land was held jointly and distributed to the peasant families on some egalitarian basis, but each family cultivated its holding independently.