Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-lj6df Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-08T08:16:55.690Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Governmental Centralization and Party Affiliation: Legislator Strategies in Brazil and Japan

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2008

SCOTT DESPOSATO  and
ETHAN SCHEINER
SCOTT DESPOSATO*
Affiliation:
University of California, San Diego
ETHAN SCHEINER*
Affiliation:
University of California, Davis
*
Scott Desposato is Assistant Professor, Department of Political Science, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0521 ([email protected]).
Ethan Scheiner is Associate Professor, Department of Political Science, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 ([email protected]).
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

What shapes politicians' strategies in political systems where pork, rather than programmatic platforms, wins elections? We argue that resource control provides much of the answer, as politics in pork-centric systems will in large part be organized around actors who control access to pork. We use new national and subnational data from Brazil and Japan to show how the degree of centralization of resources can affect party affiliation patterns. We find that in decentralized Brazil, both national and subnational politicians join parties that control their subnational government. In contrast, in our analysis of centralized Japan, politicians at both national and subnational levels base their party affiliation decisions on national-level partisan considerations.

Type
Research Article
Information
American Political Science Review , Volume 102 , Issue 4 , November 2008 , pp. 509 - 524
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2008

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abrúcio, Fernando. 1998. Os Barões da Federação: Os Governadores e a Redemocratização Brasileira. São Paulo: Editora Hucitec.Google Scholar
Adams, James F., Merrill, Samuel III, and Grofman, Bernard. 2005. A Unified Theory of Party Competition: A Cross-National Analysis Integrating Spatial and Behavioral Factors. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aldrich, John H. 1995. Why Parties? The Origin and Transformation of Political Parties in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, Barry. 1994. “The Reverse Coattails Effect: Local Party Organization in the 1989 Brazilian Presidential Election.” American Political Science Review 88 (March): 95–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, Barry. 1995. “Electoral Rules, Constituency Pressures, and Pork Barrel: Bases of Voting in the Brazilian Congress.” Journal of Politics 57 (May): 324–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ames, Barry. 2001. The Deadlock of Democracy in Brazil. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, Andy, Ames, Barry, and Renno, Lucio R.. 2006. “Social Context and Campaign Volatility in New Democracies: Networks and Neighborhoods in Brazil's 2002 Elections.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (April): 382–99.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrow, Lynda. 2007. “Party On? Politicians and Party-Switching in Mexico.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Midwest Political Science Association, Chicago.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantú, Francisco, and Desposato, Scott. 2008. “The New Federalism in Mexico and Its Impact on the Party System.” Working Paper.Google Scholar
Carey, John M., and Shugart, Matthew S.. 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: A Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas.” Electoral Studies 14 (December): 417–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chhibber, Pradeep, and Kollman, Ken. 1998. “Party Aggregation and the Number of parties in India and the United States.” American Political Science Review 92 (June): 329–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chhibber, Pradeep, and Kollman, Ken. 2004. The Formation of National Party Systems: Federalism and Party Competition in Britain, Canada, India and the US. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cox, Gary W. 1987. The Efficient Secret: The Cabinet and the Development of Political Parties in Victorian England. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Gary W. 1990. “Centripetal and Centrifugal Incentives in Electoral Systems.” American Journal of Political Science 34 (November): 903–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, Gary W., and Rosenbluth, Frances M.. 1995. “Anatomy of a Split: The Liberal Democrats of Japan.” Electoral Studies 14 (December): 355–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curtis, Gerald. 1971. Election Campaigning Japanese Style. New York and London: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Curtis, Gerald. 1999. The Logic of Japanese Politics: Leaders, Institutions, and the Limits of Change. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Desposato, Scott W. 2001. “Institutional Theories, Societal Realities, and Party Politics in Brazil.” Ph.D. diss. University of California, Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Desposato, Scott W. 2006. “Parties for Rent? Careerism, Ideology, and Party Switching in Brazil's Chamber of Deputies.” American Journal of Political Science 50 (January): 62–80.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Diaz-Cayeros, Alberto, Magaloni, Beatriz, and Weingast, Barry. 2000. “Federalism and Democratization in Mexico.” Prepared for delivery at the Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Downs, Anthony. 1957. An Economic Theory of Democracy. New York: Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Fukui, Haruhiro, and Fukai, Shigeko N.. 1996. “Pork Barrel Politics, Networks, and Local Economic Development in Contemporary Japan.” Asian Survey 36 (March): 268–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greene, Kenneth F. 2007. Why Dominant Parties Lose: Party Politics and Mexico's Democratization in Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grose, Christian R. 2004. “Is It Better to Join the Majority? The Electoral Effects of Party Switching by Southern State Legislators, 1972–2000.” American Review of Politics 25 (Spring/Summer): 79–98.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heller, William B., and Mershon, Carol. “Party Switching in the Italian Chamber of Deputies, 1996–2001.” Journal of Politics 67 (April): 536–59.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hicken, Alan. N.d. Building Party Systems in Developing Democracies. New York: Cambridge University Press. Forthcoming.Google Scholar
Hine, David. 1993. Governing Italy: The Politics of Bargained Pluralism. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Google Scholar
Ishihara, Nobuo. 1986. “The Local Public Finance System.” In Public Finance in Japan, ed. Shibata, Tokue. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.Google Scholar
Jameson, Sam. 1999. “Japanese Politics as Seen by a Foreign Reporter.” Speech to the Miyazaki Shinbun Seikei Konwakai, Miyazaki Prefecture, March 25–6.Google Scholar
Kataoka, Masaaki. 1997. “Changing Local Politics: Party Realignment and Growing Competition.” In Japanese Politics Today: Beyond Karaoke Democracy, ed. Jain, Purnendra and Inoguchi, Takashi. New York: St. Martin's Press.Google Scholar
Kato, Junko. 1998. “When the Party Breaks Up: Exit and Voice Among Japanese Legislators.” American Political Science Review 92 (2): 857–70.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kim, Henry. 2007. “The Consequences of Clout: Agenda Control in U.S. Legislatures.” Ph.D. diss. University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Kitschelt, Herbert, and Wilkinson, Steven I.. 2007. “A Research Agenda for the Study of Citizen-Politician Linkages and Democratic Accountability.” In Patrons or Policies? Patterns of Democratic Accountability and Political Competition, ed. Kitschelt, Herbert and Wilkinson, Steven I.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leal, Victor Nunes. 1977. Coronelismo: The Municipality and Representative Government in Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Long, J. Scott. 1997. Regression Models for Categorical and Limited Dependent Variables. No. 7, Advanced Quantititative Techniques in the Social Sciences Series. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott P. 1999. Rethinking Party Systems in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil. Stanford: Stanford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, and Liñán, Aníbal Pérez. 1997. “Party Discipline in the Brazilian Constitutional Congress.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 12 (4): 453–83.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McElroy, Gail. 2003. “Party Switching in the European Parliament: Why bother?” Prepared for Meeting of the European Consortium for “Political Research Marburg, Germany.Google Scholar
McFadden, D. 1973. “Conditional Logit Analysis of Qualitative Choice Behavior.” In Frontiers in Econometrics, ed. Zarembka, P.. New York: Academic.Google Scholar
Mejia Acosta, Andres. 2004. “Ghost Coalitions: Economic Reforms, Fragmented Legislatures and Informal Institutions in Ecuador.” Ph.D. diss., University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Miyakawa, Takayoshi. 1994. Shosenkyoku Hankobukku (Single Member District Handbook). Tokyo: Seiji Koho Senta.Google Scholar
Nokken, Timothy P. 2000. “Dynamics of Congressional Loyalty: Party Defection and Roll-Call Behavior, 1947–97.” Legislative Studies Quarterly XXV (3): 417–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nokken, Timothy P., and Poole, Keith T.. 2004. “Congressional Party Defection in American History.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 29: 545–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Norris, Pippa. 2004. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ogawa, Akio. 2004. “Chokushi subeki 12 no shihyo.” Kokyo Shigyojigyo Sekai 8 (4): 130–31.Google Scholar
Otake, Hideo. 2000. “Political Mistrust and Party Dealignment in Japan.” In Disaffected Democracies, ed. Pharr, Susan J. and Putnam, Robert D.. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Park, Cheol Hee. 1998. “Electoral Strategies in Urban Japan: How Institutional Change Affects Strategic Choices.” Ph.D. diss. Columbia University.Google Scholar
Pempel, T. J. 1998. Regime Shift: Comparative Dynamics of the Japanese Political Economy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Piattoni, Simona (ed.). 2001. Clientelism, Interests, and Democratic Representation: The European Experience in Historical and Comparative Perspective. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poole, Keith, and Rosenthal, Howard. 1997. Congress: A Political-Economic History of Roll Call Voting. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Reed, Steven R. 1986. Japanese Prefectures and Policymaking. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reed, Steven R., and Scheiner, Ethan. 2003. “Electoral Incentives and Policy Preferences: Mixed Motives Behind Party Defections in Japan.” British Journal of Political Science 33 (July): 469–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rosenbluth, Frances McCall. 1996. “Internationalization and Electoral Politics in Japan.” In Internationalization and Domestic Politics, ed. Keohane, Robert O. and Milner, Helen V.. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Samuels, David. 2003. Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Samuels, David. 2006. “Sources of Mass Partisanship in Brazil.” Latin American Politics & Society 48: 1–27.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheiner, Ethan. 2003. “Political Realignment in Nagano: Hata Tsutomu and the New Opposition Challenge the LDP.” In Japanese Electoral Politics: Creating a New Party System, ed. Reed, Steven R.. New York: Routledge Curzon.Google Scholar
Scheiner, Ethan. 2005. “Pipelines of Pork: A Model of Local Opposition Party Failure.” Comparative Political Studies 38 (September): 799–823.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheiner, Ethan. 2006. Democracy Without Competition: Opposition Failure in a One-Party Dominant State. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Schmitt, Rogerio. 1999. “Migração Partidária e Reeleição na Câmara dos Deputados.” Novos Estudos Cebrap 54 (July): 127–46.Google Scholar
Schneider, Aaron. 2001. “Federalism Against Markets: Local Struggles for Power and National Fiscal Adjustment in Brazil.” Ph.D. diss. University of California, Berkeley.Google Scholar
Seaman, Scott R. 2003. “Crumbling Foundations: Japan's Public Works Policies and Democracy in the 1990s.” Ph.D. diss. Duke University.Google Scholar
Shabad, Goldie, and Slomczynski, Kazimier M.. 2004. “Inter-Party Mobility Among Parliamentary Candidates in Post-Communist East Central Europe.” Party Politics 10 (2): 151–76.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thames, Frank. 2007. “Searching for the Electoral Connection: Parliamentary Party-Switching in the Ukrainian Rada, 1988–1992.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 32 (2): 223–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Turan, Ilter. 1985. “Changing Horses in Midstream: Party Changers in the Turkish National Assembly.” Legislative Studies Quarterly 10 (1): 21–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Valenzuela, Arturo. 1977. Political Brokers in Chile: Local Government in a Centralized Polity. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.Google Scholar
Yomiuri Shinbun. Various years. Bun'yabetsu Jinmeiroku.Google Scholar
Yonehara, Junshichirou. 1986. “Financial Relations Between National and Local Governments.” In Public Finance in Japan, ed. Tokyo, Tokue Shibata.: University of Tokyo Press.Google Scholar
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.