Published online by Cambridge University Press: 02 September 2013
Study of the governmental and party leaders of Italy may contribute to our understanding of the Fascist state, whether we are concerned with public law, comparative government, or comparative politics. The application of the rules of law by any public law agency is affected by the characteristics of those who constitute the agency. Agencies of comparable legal authority exercise their discretion differently when they are differently related to the social context in which they operate. Whatever affects the relative strength of the groups with which an agency is affiliated affects the relative strength of the agency. Hence it is important to ascertain the class, skill, personality, and attitude characteristics of officials in relation to the composition of the community as a whole.
1 For basic distinctions, reference may be made to Romano, Santi, Corso di Diritto amministrativo (1931)Google Scholar, and Ranelletti, Oresta, Elementi di Diritto Pubblico Italiano (1933)Google Scholar.
2 The term élite is used in no invidious or romantic sense. It designates those who exercise the most influence in a given situation in which influence is appraised, for purposes of analysis, in a determinate way.
3 A representative biography in this vein is L'Umo Nuovo by Beltramelli, (Mondadori, Milan)Google Scholar.
4 Michels, Roberto, Storia critica del movimento socialista italiano (Florence, 1921)Google Scholar, Chap. 6.
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