Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T05:47:52.741Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Effects of Divisive Political Campaigns on the Day-to-Day Segregation of Arab and Muslim Americans

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2018

WILLIAM HOBBS*
Affiliation:
Cornell University
NAZITA LAJEVARDI*
Affiliation:
Michigan State University
*
*William Hobbs, Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Development and the Department of Political Science, Cornell University, [email protected].
Nazita Lajevardi, Assistant Professor of Political Science, Michigan State University, [email protected].

Abstract

How have Donald Trump’s rhetoric and policies affected Arab and Muslim American behavior? We provide evidence that the de facto effects of President Trump’s campaign rhetoric and vague policy positions extended beyond the direct effects of his executive orders. We present findings from three data sources—television news coverage, social media activity, and a survey—to evaluate whether Arab and Muslim Americans reduced their online visibility and retreated from public life. Our results provide evidence that they withdrew from public view: (1) Shared locations on Twitter dropped approximately 10 to 20% among users with Arabic-sounding names after major campaign and election events and (2) Muslim survey respondents reported increased public space avoidance.

Type
Letter
Copyright
Copyright © American Political Science Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

We thank seminar participants at the Midwest Political Science Association annual conference, Marisa Abrajano, Taylor Carlson, Justin Grimmer, Zoltan Hajnal, Kenny Joseph, John Kuk, Nick Obradovich, Kassra Oskooii, Liesel Spangler, and Zachary Steinert-Threlkeld for their helpful comments. Funding for this project was generously provided by a UCSD PDEL grant. Replication materials can be found on Dataverse at: https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/SEOCQ0.

References

REFERENCES

Abu-Raiya, Hisham, Pargament, Kenneth I., and Mahoney, Annette. 2011. “Examining Coping Methods with Stressful Interpersonal Events Experienced by Muslims Living in the United States Following the 9/11 Attacks.” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 3 (1): 1–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ACLU. 2017. “Factsheet: The NYPD Muslim Surveillance Program.” https://www.aclu.org/other/factsheet-nypd-muslim-surveillance-program.Google Scholar
Amer, Mona M. 2005. “Arab American Mental Health in the post September 11 era: Acculturation, Stress, and Coping.” PhD dissertation. Toledo, OH: University of Toledo. http://utdr.utoledo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2424&context=theses-dissertations.Google Scholar
Bai, Jushan, and Perron, Pierre. 2003. “Computation and Analysis of Multiple Structural Change Models.” Journal of Applied Econometrics 18 (1): 1–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., and Bozonelos, Dino N.. 2009. “Democrat, Republican, or None of the Above? The Role of Religiosity in Muslim American Party Identification.” Politics and Religion 2 (02): 200–29.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., and Woods, Nathan D.. 2005. “The Anti-Latino Political Context and its Impact on GOP Detachment and Increasing Latino Voter Turnout in Los Angeles County.” In Diversity In Democracy: Minority Representation in the United States, eds. Segura, Gary and Bowler, Shaun. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 148–69.Google Scholar
Barreto, Matt A., Manzano, Sylvia, Ramirez, Ricardo, and Rim, Kathy. 2009. “Mobilization, Participation, and Solidaridad: Latino Participation in the 2006 Immigration Protest Rallies.” Urban Affairs Review 44 (5): 736–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barreto, Matt, and Dana, Karam. 2008. “Muslim and American: Transnational Ties and Participation in American Politics.” http://muslimandamerican.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/mpsa2008.pdf.Google Scholar
Barreto, Matt, Masuoka, Natalie, and Sanchez, Gabriel. 2008. “Religiosity, Discrimination and Group Identity Among Muslim Americans.” In Western Political Science Association Annual Conference, San Diego, March. http://muslimandamerican.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/08/wpsa2008.pdf.Google Scholar
Blei, David M., Ng, Andrew Y., and Jordan, Michael I.. 2003. “Latent Dirichlet Allocation.” Journal of Machine Learning Research 3 (Jan): 993–1022.Google Scholar
Branscombe, Nyla R., Schmitt, Michael T., and Harvey, Richard D.. 1999. “Perceiving Pervasive Discrimination Among African Americans: Implications for Group Identification and Well-Being.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 77 (1): 135.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Calfano, Brian Robert, Lajevardi, Nazita, and Michelson, Melissa R.. 2017. “Trumped up Challenges: Limitations, Opportunities, and the Future of Political Research on Muslim Americans.” Politics, Groups, and Identities: 1–11. Published online October 17, 2017.Google Scholar
Cho, Wendy K. Tam, Gimpel, James G., and Wu, Tony. 2006. “Clarifying the Role of SES in Political Participation: Policy Threat and Arab American Mobilization.” Journal of Politics 68 (4): 977–91.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crocker, Jennifer, Voelkl, Kristin, Cornwell, Beth, and Major, Brenda. 1989. “Effects on Self-Esteem of Attributing Interpersonal Feedback to Prejudice.” State University of New York at Buffalo. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.336.9967 &rep=rep1&type=pdf (unpublished manuscript).Google Scholar
Crocker, Jennifer, and Major, Brenda. 1989. “Social Stigma and Self-Esteem: The Self-Protective Properties of Stigma.” Psychological Review 96 (4): 608.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dana, Karam, Wilcox-Archuleta, Bryan, and Barreto, Matt. 2017. “The Political Incorporation of Muslims in the United States: The Mobilizing Role of Religiosity in Islam.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics 2 (2): 170–200.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dana, Karam, Barreto, Matt A., and Oskooii, Kassra A. R.. 2011. “Mosques as American Institutions: Mosque Attendance, Religiosity and Integration into the Political System Among American Muslims.” Religions 2 (4): 504–24.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hobbs, William R. 2017. “Pivoted Text Scaling for Open-Ended Survey Responses.” https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=3044864 (unpublished manuscript).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jamal, Amaney. 2005. “The Political Participation and Engagement of Muslim Americans Mosque Involvement and Group Consciousness.” American Politics Research 33 (4): 521–44.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lajevardi, Nazita, and Oskooii, Kassra A. R.. 2018. “Old-Fashioned Racism, Contemporary Islamophobia, and the Isolation of Muslim Americans in the Age of Trump.” Journal of Race, Ethnicity and Politics 3 (1): 112–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lajevardi, Nazita, and Abrajano, Marisa A.. 2018. “How Negative Sentiment Towards Muslims Predicts Support for Trump in the 2016 Presidential Election.” The Journal of Politics (Forthcoming).Google Scholar
Laver, Michael, Benoit, Kenneth, and Garry, John. 2003. “Extracting Policy Positions from Political Texts Using Words as Data.” American Political Science Review 97 (2): 311–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oskooii, Kassra A. R. 2016. “How Discrimination Impacts Sociopolitical Behavior: A Multidimensional Perspective.” Political Psychology 37 (5): 613–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oskooii, Kassra, and Dana, Karam. 2018. “Muslims in Great Britain: the impact of mosque attendance on political behaviour and civic engagement.” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 44 (9): 1479–505.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantoja, Adrian D., and Segura, Gary M.. 2003. “Fear and Loathing in California: Contextual Threat and Political Sophistication Among Latino Voters.” Political Behavior 25 (3): 265–86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pantoja, Adrian D., Ramirez, Ricardo, and Segura, Gary M.. 2001. “Citizens by Choice, Voters by Necessity: Patterns in Political Mobilization by Naturalized Latinos.” Political Research Quarterly 54 (4): 729–50.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Parker, Christopher S. 2009. “When Politics Becomes Protest: Black Veterans and Political Activism in the Postwar South.” The Journal of Politics 71 (01): 113–31.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramakrishnan, Subramanian Karthick. 2005. Democracy in Immigrant America: Changing Demographics and Political Participation: Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Ramírez, Ricardo. 2007. “Segmented Mobilization Latino Nonpartisan Get-Out-the-Vote Efforts in the 2000 General Election.” American Politics Research 35 (2): 155–75.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, Margaret, Stewart, Brandon, and Tingley, Dustin. 2014. “Structural Topic Models for Open-Ended Survey Responses.” American Journal of Political Science 58 (4): 1064–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schaffner, Brian. 2018. “Follow the Racist? The Consequences of Expressions of Elite Prejudice for Mass Rhetoric.” https://umass.app.box.com/s/x5zz210nor2z0v93m8frdlzxyobggrlm (in progress).Google Scholar
Shamas, Diala, and Arastu, Nermeen. 2013. “Mapping Muslims: NYPD Spying and its Impact on American Muslims.” Creating Law Enforcement Accountability & Responsibility (CLEAR), Muslim American Civil Liberties Coalition (MACLC) et Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) Report.Google Scholar
Slapin, Jonathan B., and Proksch, Sven-Oliver. 2008. “A Scaling Model for Estimating Time-Series Party Positions from Texts.” American Journal of Political Science 52 (3): 705–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloan, Luke, and Morgan, Jeffrey. 2015. “Who Tweets with Their Location? Understanding the Relationship Between Demographic Characteristics and the Use of Geoservices and Geotagging on Twitter.” PloS one 10 (11): e0142209.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SPLC. 2017. “Update: 1,094 Bias-Related Incidents in the Month Following the Election.” https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/12/16/update-1094-bias-related-incidentsmonth-following-election.Google Scholar
Walker, Hannah L., and García-Castañon, Marcela. 2017. “For Love and Justice: The Mobilizing of Race, Gender, and Criminal Justice Contact.” Politics & Gender 13 (4): 541–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Supplementary material: PDF

Hobbs and Lajevardi supplementary material

Online Appendix

Download Hobbs and Lajevardi supplementary material(PDF)
PDF 354.7 KB
Supplementary material: Link

Hobbs and Lajevardi Dataset

Link
Submit a response

Comments

No Comments have been published for this article.